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. 2020 Apr 15;6(16):eaay9035. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9035

Fig. 5. Anisotropic RBC membrane–coated nanoparticles as detoxification treatment.

Fig. 5

(A) Schematic of mechanism of RBC coated nanoparticles (NPs) as detoxification treatment. RBC NPs neutralize alpha toxin by binding toxin that would otherwise bind the body’s RBCs and cause lysis. (B) In vitro evaluation of hemolytic toxin absorption by RBC-coated nanoparticles. The anisotropic particles were able to absorb significantly more alpha toxin as evidenced by reduction in relative lysis. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 4 replicates), and one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to compare across groups. (C) Survival following intravenous alpha toxin administration followed by nanoparticle administration (n = 6 mice per group). Mice receiving prolate ellipsoidal RBC-coated nanoparticles had a significant long-term survival benefit compared to spherical coated nanoparticles (P = 0.0481), and both anisotropic particle groups had a significant survival benefit over uncoated particles (P = 0.0105 for coated prolate ellipsoidal, P = 0.0169 for coated oblate ellipsoidal) by log rank (Mantel-Cox) test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.