Fig. 2.

Comparisons of the magnitude of the peak joint moment at the ankle (a, b, and c), knee (d, e, and f), and hip (g, h, and i) on three planes (sagittal: first column; frontal: second column, and transverse: third column) between Tai-Chi gait (TC) and regular walking gait (RG). All moments were calculated using inverse dynamics based on an individualized biomechanical human model (Winter, 2009) and normalized to body mass (in Nm/kg). Both the group mean (± SD, the circle with error bars) and individual values (the scatter circles) are shown. The effect size of each comparison between gaits is displayed as Cohen’s d. ***: p < 0.001 vs. RG; *: p < 0.05 vs. RG.