Table 1.
Undesirable effects of the drugs tested in COVID19.
| Drugs tested in COVID-19 | Side effects |
|---|---|
| Favipiravir | Most common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, headache, anemia, muscle and joint pain. |
| Remdesivir | Common: leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function; confusion, aggressive behaviour, agitation, migraine, tremors, paresthesia, dysgeusia. |
| Lopinavir | Uncommon: muscle weakness, pancreas dysfunction, lethargy, convulsions, coma, hallucinations, ataxia, kidney failure |
| Ritonavir | |
| Ribavirin | |
| Umifenovir | |
| Chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine | Common: anorexia, weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, corneal changes; uncommon: affective lability, nervousness, headache, dizziness, accommodation disorders |
| Rare: retinopathy with changes in pigmentation and visual field defects, edema and opacity dizziness, tinnitus, bundle branch block, atrioventricular block, abnormal liver function tests, hypoglycemia skin rash, graying of the hair, alopecia, rashes, tiredness, psoriasis not sensitive to light | |
| Azithromycin | Most common: diarrhea. |
| Common: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache. | |
| Uncommon: asthenia, irritability, dermatological disorders as rush skin, edema, urticaria | |
| Rare: abnormal liver function | |
| Anakinra | Most common: itching, erythema, pain, bruising, bleeding in the inoculation site, headache; common: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea |
| Tocilizumab | Most common: upper airway infections, hypercholesterolemia |
| Common: pneumonia, cellulite, herpes zoster, abdominal pain, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function, gastrointestinal perforation, episodes of hypertension during drug infusion, headache, skin reactions | |
| Uncommon: hypothyroidism, stomach ulcers | |
| Ivermectin | Common: dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, swelling of the joints, rapid heart beat |
| Uncommon: loss of appetite, vomiting, constipation, weakness, drowsiness, swelling of the eyes, face, arms, hands, feet | |
| Eculizumab | Most common: headache |
| Common: dizziness, nausea and diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgias, asthenia | |
| Uncommon: back pain, abnormal liver function, kidney failure. | |
| Emapalumab | Most common: infections, hypertension |
| Sarilumab | Most common: neutropenia; common: ALT elevation, injection site erythema |
| Ruxolitinib | Most common: Myelosuppression, anemia, urinary tract infections, bleeding and increased systolic blood pressure. |
| Common: neutropenia |
*Adverse events frequency:
Most common ≥1/10; Common <1/10 - ≥ 1/100.
Uncommon < 1/100->1/1000; Rare < 1/1000->1/10000.