Table 3.
Linear models of anxiety/depression at T1 and change in anxiety/depression over time predicting the EQ-5D summary index at T2 (Model 1 and 2); and of the EQ-5D summary index at T1 and change in the summary index over time predicting anxiety/depression at T2 (Model 3 and 4).
| Crude model | Adjusted model for baseline outcome * | Adjusted model for baseline outcome and confounders # | Adjusted R2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Β (SE) | P | Β (SE) | P | Β (SE) | P | ||||
| Outcome: EQ-5D Index at T2 | |||||||||
| Model 1 | Predictor | Anxiety at T1 | −0.03 (0.01) | <0.001 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.949 | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.121 | 0.467 |
| Change in Anxiety | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.132 | −0.02 (0.01) | <0.001 | −0.03 (0.01) | <0.001 | |||
| Model 2 | Predictor | Depression at T1 | −0.03 (0.01) | <0.001 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.477 | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.025 | 0.561 |
| Change in Depression | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.014 | −0.02 (0.00) | <0.001 | −0.03 (0.01) | <0.001 | |||
| Outcome: Anxiety at T2 | |||||||||
| Model 3 | Predictor | EQ-5D Index at T1 | −9.49 (1.35) | <0.001 | −1.55 (1.39) | 0.263 | −3.14 (1.74) | 0.072 | 0.707 |
| Change in EQ-5D Index | −0.04 (2.04) | 0.986 | −4.78 (1.36) | <0.001 | −6.50 (1.46) | <0.001 | |||
| Outcome: Depression at T2 | |||||||||
| Model 4 | Predictor | EQ-5D Index at T1 | −12.4 (1.19) | <0.001 | −6.65 (1.64) | <0.001 | −7.43 (1.87) | <0.001 | 0.720 |
| Change in EQ-5D Index | 0.52 (2.12) | 0.807 | −4.07 (1.51) | 0.007 | −7.24 (1.43) | <0.001 | |||
Note: B, standardized coefficient; SE, standard error; EQ-5D, the European Quality of Life at five dimensions; Higher score on EQ-5D index indicate better quality of life in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, while higher scores on anxiety and depression subscales indicates more anxiety/depression symptoms. *Interactions between baseline outcome and predictor were excluded in the model, as no statistically significant interactions were found (P > 0.05). #Model adjusted for demographic and diabetes characteristics, including gender, age, diabetes type, diabetes duration, employment status, education level, ethnicity; both of the baseline predictor and change in predictor were included in the model.