Table 1.

Occurrence of adaptation and maladaptation events in population types selected in Gal and Thy separately.

Population type	Fitness change in Gal	Fitness change in Thy	Cost of adaptation
TL	Maladaptation, P = 2.683 × 10–4	Adaptation, P = 3.240 × 10–6	Yes
TS	Maladaptation, P = 0.007	Adaptation, P = 7.327 × 10–4	Yes
GL	Adaptation, P = 0.049	Maladaptation, P = 0.013	Yes
GS	Not significant, P = 0.617	Not significant, P = 0.122	None

The Holm–Sidak corrected P values correspond to single-sample t-tests against the ancestral levels of fitness (=1). P < 0.05 is shown in boldface. All the cases with P < 0.05 were also found to have large-effect sizes (see Table S1).