Table 3.
Comparison of the ATSPPH-SF scores by socio-demographic characteristics.
| Characteristics | Openness to seeking professional help | Value and need in seeking professional help | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD) | t | F | P-value | M (SD) | t | F | P-value | |
| Gender (n = 912) | −2.451 | 0.015 | 2.211 | 0.027 | ||||
| Male | 9.56(3.71) | 8.49(3.39) | ||||||
| Female | 10.23(3.74) | 7.93(3.58) | ||||||
| Religion affiliation (n = 909) | 0.190 | 0.850 | 2.617 | 0.009 | ||||
| No | 10.04(3.69) | 8.15(3.48) | ||||||
| Yes | 9.93(4.71) | 6.73(4.24) | ||||||
| Education level (n = 911) | 7.579 | 0.001 | 21.144 | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 9.06(4.91) | 6.68(3.84) | ||||||
| Junior high school/high school/some college | 10.25(3.51) | 8.1(3.51) | ||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 10.31(3.18) | 8.77(3.14) | ||||||
| Father’s education level (n = 889) | 3.809 | 0.023 | 8.815 | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 9.83(4.03) | 7.71(3.64) | ||||||
| Junior high school/high school/some college | 10.55(3.27) | 8.76(3.30) | ||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 9.92(2.99) | 8.21(3.01) | ||||||
| Mother’s education level (n = 887) | 0.949 | 0.387 | 8.475 | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 10.02(3.90) | 7.77(3.59) | ||||||
| Junior high school/high school/some college | 10.40(3.27) | 8.80(3.17) | ||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 10.05(3.01) | 8.56(3.34) | ||||||
| Spouse’s education level (n = 627) | 5.287 | 0.005 | 10.706 | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 9.27(4.78) | 6.62(3.70) | ||||||
| Junior high school/high school/some college | 10.28(3.84) | 7.88(3.62) | ||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 10.58(3.44) | 8.29(3.39) | ||||||
| Employment status (n = 909) | −4.051 | <0.001 | -7.521 | <0.001 | ||||
| Unemployed/laid-off/retired | 9.33(4.59) | 6.85(3.62) | ||||||
| Full time/part time | 10.40(3.20) | 8.68(3.34) | ||||||
| Employment type (n = 860) | 2.135 | 0.119 | 15.274 | <0.001 | ||||
| Skilled worker/farmer/business man/other | 9.71(4.51) | 7.57(3.84) | ||||||
| General company/state-owned enterprise or public institution staff/civil servant | 10.24(3.68) | 7.91(3.48) | ||||||
| Students | 9.70(2.80) | 9.48(2.89) | ||||||
| Marital status (n = 907) | −1.165 | 0.244 | 4.105 | <0.001 | ||||
| Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 9.86(3.30) | 8.71(3.25) | ||||||
| Cohabiting/married/remarried | 10.15(3.96) | 7.74(3.64) | ||||||
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; t, independent sample t-test; F, ANOVA-test ATSPPH-SF, attitude toward seeking professional psychological help scale-short form.