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. 2020 May 14;11:553. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00553

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Increased gut-derived serotonin (GDS) signaling in the duodenum was correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (A) The level of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and correlation analysis between serum 5-HT and semi-quantitative ultrasound score in healthy humans and patients with NAFLD (n = 100), as well as in the control and model groups (NASH SD rats) (n = 30) (B). (C) The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Tph1, Sert, and Maoα in the liver of SD rats. (D) The tissue distribution of Tph1 mRNA expression in SD rats. (E) The duodenal Tph1 mRNA expression in SD rats fed an high fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) diet for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days. (F) Oil red O staining of BRL-3A (× 400). Small red circles indicate the formation of large cytoplasmic lipid droplets. (G) The lipid content in BRL-3A. (H) The content of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in BRL-3A. (I) The expression of genes related to lipid synthesis (Pparγ2, Srebp1c, and Fas) and the inflammatory response (Tnfα, Il6, and Mcp1) in BRL-3A cells. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001, compared with the corresponding control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with the model group.