Biofilm formation and expression of aafA in 042Δaar ΔaggR Δhns and hns repair titrated with aar and aggR. (A) Biofilm growth in 042Δaar ΔaggR Δhns at 5 h postinduction with increasing concentration of IPTG and rhamnose. (B) Biofilm growth in hns repair at 3 h postinduction with increasing concentration of IPTG and rhamnose. aggR expression was induced with 0.01 mM IPTG (horizontal fill pattern), 0.1 mM IPTG (diagonal fill pattern), or 1 mM IPTG (vertical fill pattern). aar expression was induced with 0.01% rham (blue), 0.05% rham (red), or 0.1% rham (green). (C) qRT-PCR analysis of aafA using titratable aar and aggR in 042Δaar ΔaggR Δhns after 5 h. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of aafA using titratable aar and aggR in the hns repaired 042Δaar ΔaggR after 3 h. aggR expression was induced with either 5 μM IPTG (horizontal fill pattern) or 7.5 μM IPTG (diagonal fill pattern). aar expression was induced with 0.00025% rham (blue), 0.01% rham (red), or 0.1% rham (green). Biofilm data and qRT-PCR data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences by ANOVA (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005).