TABLE 2.

Example of the analytical process using the codebook.

Meaning units	Codes	Subordinate themes	Domain	Cultural orientation and behavior*
Don’t you think it’s insane? I thought in Japan one has to rest and lie down for a month after a cesarean but I smiled and said ‘OK! I do my best!’ (Akiko from Japan)	1. Cultural practices not understood or respected; 4. Frustrated and irritated; 5. Unexpected and unbelievable; 6. Living up to the expectations of unexpected 38.1. Context: Hospital 39.2. Person: nurse	A. Surprised and irritated with the consequences of not being able to share health belief and practice with the host society and its people	40.1 Postnatal rest	41.3 Passive assimilation
Yeh [but] what can they do? They are so far away. They tell me and send me e-mail whatever the things I can try [to improve health and increase breast milk]. But it was difficult. Although my husband [was] was taking 2 weeks off vacation. But still he was trying to help to cook but it is still different from having a mother here or whomever relatives here (Lien from Beijing, at home).	4. Frustrated and irritated; 10. Postnatal support from people who share the same health beliefs is hard to replace 11. Feeling physical and emotional distance with the family back home 14. Diet and breastfeeding 38.2. Context: Home 39.12. Person: Family and friends back home	A. Surprised and irritated with the consequences of not being able to share health belief and practice with the host society and its people. B. A lonely and isolated struggle.	40.2 Postnatal diet 40.3 Social support	41.3 Passive assimilation
My husband and I tend to discuss thoroughly what we do not agree or understand and try to come to a conclusion but in regards to out disagreement on at what stage we can take a newborn out into fresh air, I thought as long as all the babies here are doing like that, it cannot be a bad thing. “When in Rome do as Rome does” [laugh]. If my child were 100% Japanese I might have insisted on the ‘Japanese way’ but she is 50% Austrian. So I thought it was not my place to say anything about it (Kanako from Japan).	26. Lacking agency/autonomy 22. I: Accepting the destiny of becoming a permanent immigrant in Austria; 39.13. Person: Family Austrian husband; 38.2. Context: Home	C. Becoming a mother and becoming a ‘permanent’ immigrant — acculturative stress in a context of a dual identity change	40.5 Identity	41.3 Passive assimilation
My mum did [all the cooking]. She was in charge of everything [big laugh]. My [Austrian] husband has a very good relationship with my parents and he understands that I moved my entire life over here for him. And so you know its fine having my family and friends over to stay (Grace, second generation Hong Kong Chinese).	32. Trusting and respectful relationship with the significant others 33. Trusting and respectful relationship between the significant others; 36. Personality: extroversion 39.13. Person: Family Austrian husband; 39.16. Person: Family mother; 38.2. Context: Home	D. Trust and mutual respect with and between the significant others	40.2 Postnatal diet 40.3 Social support	41.6 Integration

*Directed content analysis using Berry’s acculturation coping strategies as pre-fixed codes.