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. 2020 Mar 5;10(1):171–190. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.02.006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

HIOs express the Stx receptor Gb3 and are susceptible to Stx by luminal or basolateral delivery. (A) HIOs express the Stx receptor Gb3. Cryosections were stained for DNA (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, blue), and antibody to Gb3 (red). Intense staining was observed on epithelial cells. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Stx causes loss of epithelial barrier function. Representative images of intact HIOs loaded with the fluorescent dye FITC, and exposed to Stx2a (30 ng) introduced by microinjection (luminal exposure) or added to the medium (interstitial exposure) over time. Scale bar: 100 μm. (C and D) Time- and dose-dependent responses to Stx. Toxin was delivered by microinjection (luminal exposure) or added to the medium (interstitial exposure). Epithelial barrier function was assessed by fluorescence retention, quantified by ImageJ, and plotted as the percentage mean at time zero ± SD, n = 3. Values at 72 hours compared with time zero were assessed using 1-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s posttest. (C) HIO sensitivity to Stx2a. (D) HIO sensitivity to Stx1.