Table 1.

Examples of immune signaling factors and hormones that are increased in psychiatric patients.

Biomarker	Disorder	References
IL-1β	BD, SCZ	[70, 71, 163, 165, 170, 175, 177, 214, 215]
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13	ASD	[181]
IL-6	MDD, BD, SCZ	[49, 51, 70, 71, 163, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179]
IL-12	SCZ	[177]
TNF-α	MDD, BD, SCZ	[49, 51, 69, 70, 71, 163, 172, 174, 177]
sTNFR1	BD	[69, 71]
sTNFR2	BD, ASD	[69, 180]
TGF-β	SCZ	[177]
CRP	MDD, BD	[49, 69, 70, 71, 173, 192]
IFN-α/β pathway	MDD	[171]
cortisol	MDD, BD, SCZ	[30, 51, 179, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200]
insulin	SCZ	[30, 199, 200, 207, 213]