Table 1. Baseline Characteristicsa.
| Characteristic | Adolescents | Adults | All | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P valueb | Mean (SD) | P valueb | P valuec | |||
| Term (n = 20) | Preterm (n = 20) | Term (n = 32) | Preterm (n = 38) | ||||
| Male, No. (%) | 9 (45) | 7 (35) | .75 | 13 (41) | 14 (37) | .94 | .65 |
| Chronological age, y | 13.3 (0.7) | 13.0 (0.7) | .09 | 25.4 (2.9) | 26.5 (3.5) | .02 | .12 |
| Anthropometric measures for adolescents and adults | |||||||
| Height, m | 1.65 (0.08) | 1.58 (0.09) | .01 | 1.72 (0.09) | 1.68 (0.08) | .06 | .002 |
| Weight, kg | 54.7 (14.0) | 47.1 (8.3) | .10 | 69.5 (9.9) | 75.9 (24.0) | .71 | .92 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.57 (0.22) | 1.44 (0.16) | .05 | 1.82 (0.17) | 1.86 (0.29) | .96 | .39 |
| Body mass indexd | 20.0 (4.1) | 18.7 (2.5) | .43 | 23.3 (1.8) | 26.9 (8.4) | .08 | .13 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 110 (5) | 115 (6) | .01 | 114 (9) | 116 (11) | .45 | .11 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 60 (5) | 66 (5) | .004 | 70 (6) | 73 (8) | .10 | .003 |
| Mean systemic BP, mm Hg | 77 (4) | 82 (4) | .001 | 84 (6) | 87 (8) | .15 | .01 |
| Neonatal characteristics for adolescents and adults born prematurely | |||||||
| Gestational age, wk | NA | 28.5 (1.9) | NA | NA | 29.0 (2.7) | NA | .35 |
| Birth weight, g | NA | 1150 (270) | NA | NA | 1187 (397) | NA | .99 |
| Apgar score at 1 min | NA | 4.8 (2.1) | NA | NA | 4.3 (2.3) | NA | .40 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | NA | 7.7 (1.3) | NA | NA | 6.7 (1.7) | NA | .03 |
| Antenatal corticosteroids, No. (%) | NA | 16 (80) | NA | NA | 11 (29) | NA | .001 |
| Surfactant, No. (%) | NA | 14 (70) | NA | NA | 10 (26) | NA | .01 |
| Postnatal corticosteroids, No. (%) | NA | 3 (15) | NA | NA | 6 (16) | NA | .99 |
| Invasive ventilation days | NA | 6.4 (14.0) | NA | NA | 11.8 (13.6) | NA | .05 |
| CPAP days | NA | 8.9 (13.0) | NA | NA | 2.1 (5.9) | NA | .01 |
| Total days on assisted ventilatione | NA | 13.7 (19.0) | NA | NA | 14.2 (14.6) | NA | .58 |
| Days on oxygen | NA | 33 (39) | NA | NA | 45 (89) | NA | .99 |
| Days in the NICU | NA | 52.8 (17.4) | NA | NA | 61.3 (28.3) | NA | .18 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus, No. (%) | NA | 6 (30) | NA | NA | 18 (47) | NA | .24 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, No. (%)f | NA | 9 (45) | NA | NA | 15 (39) | NA | .99 |
| Neonatal sepsis, No. (%) | NA | 3 (15) | NA | NA | 14 (37) | NA | .12 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NA, not applicable; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
a
Categorical variables are expressed as No. (%), and continuous data are expressed as mean (SD).
b
P values are by unpaired Wilcoxon rank sum tests within each age cohort.
c
P values are for all individuals in the term and preterm groups across age cohorts by least-squares means from an age-adjusted linear model.
d
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
e
Total days on assisted ventilation include the combination of invasive and noninvasive (CPAP) ventilation.
f
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is defined clinically by the use of supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age.