Table 2. Cardiac Structure and Function Assessed via Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
| Variable | Adolescents | Adults | All | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P valuea | Mean (SD) | P valuea | P valueb | |||
| Term (n = 20) | Preterm (n = 20) | Term (n = 32) | Preterm (n = 38) | ||||
| Global measures | |||||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 97 (17) | 96 (20) | .58 | 66 (12) | 71 (11) | .08 | .21 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 7.1 (1.8) | 5.7 (1.6) | .01 | 6.4 (1.3) | 6.3 (1.4) | .74 | .06 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.8) | .07 | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.7) | .47 | .13 |
| LV | |||||||
| EDV, mL | 125 (20) | 104 (17) | <.001 | 168 (38) | 149 (31) | .03 | <.001 |
| EDVi, mL/m2 | 80 (9) | 72 (7) | .008 | 92 (15) | 80 (10) | <.001 | <.001 |
| ESV, mL | 53 (11) | 43 (6) | .004 | 70 (19) | 60 (16) | .10 | <.001 |
| ESVi, mL/m2 | 34 (6) | 30 (4) | .10 | 38 (8) | 32 (7) | .003 | <.001 |
| SV, mL | 73 (14) | 61 (15) | .004 | 98 (22) | 88 (19) | .09 | .002 |
| SVi, mL/m2 | 46 (7) | 42 (7) | .06 | 54 (9) | 48 (7) | .004 | <.001 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 57.7 (5.8) | 57.9 (6.1) | .99 | 58.7 (4.5) | 59.8 (5.4) | .37 | .48 |
| Mass, g | 70 (17) | 57 (13) | .005 | 92 (32) | 77 (22) | .05 | <.001 |
| Mass index, g/m2 | 44.4 (7.5) | 39.6 (5.9) | .03 | 49.8 (14.0) | 40.7 (7.3) | .004 | <.001 |
| Mass ÷ EDV, g/mL | 0.55 (0.08) | 0.55 (0.08) | .79 | 0.54 (0.10) | 0.51 (0.08) | .33 | .30 |
| RV | |||||||
| EDV, mL | 128 (26) | 103 (23) | <.001 | 176 (49) | 156 (35) | .14 | .002 |
| EDVi, mL/m2 | 81 (11) | 71 (12) | .03 | 96 (19) | 84 (13) | .01 | <.001 |
| ESV, mL | 57 (15) | 42 (10) | <.001 | 79 (28) | 70 (21) | .21 | .005 |
| ESVi, mL/m2 | 36 (7) | 30 (6) | .02 | 43 (12) | 37 (9.1) | .07 | .001 |
| SV, mL | 71 (14) | 60 (14) | .01 | 97 (23) | 86 (19) | .07 | .003 |
| SVi, mL/m2 | 46 (7) | 42 (7) | .08 | 53 (10) | 46 (7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 56.0 (5.2) | 58.7 (4.3) | .07 | 55.6 (5.2) | 55.8 (6.5) | .89 | .27 |
| Mass, g | 10 (2) | 8 (2) | .02 | 18 (6) | 16 (4) | .28 | .02 |
| Mass index, g/m2 | 6.07 (0.96) | 5.74 (0.89) | .26 | 9.62 (2.60) | 8.45 (1.80) | .06 | .01 |
| Mass ÷ EDV, g/mL | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) | .07 | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.10 (0.02) | .78 | .72 |
| RV mass ÷ LV mass | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.02) | .25 | 0.20 (0.04) | 0.21 (0.04) | .13 | .28 |
Abbreviations: EDV, end-diastolic volume; EDVi, end-diastolic volume index; ESV, end-systolic volume; ESVi, end-systolic volume index; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; SV, stroke volume; SVi, stroke volume index.
a
P values are by unpaired Wilcoxon rank sum tests within each age cohort.
b
P values are for all individuals in the term and preterm groups across age cohorts by least-squares means from an age-adjusted linear model.