Table 2.
Linear regression equations describing the relationship between the development rate (1/days) and temperature (18–30 °C) and the thermal requirements of different developmental stages of Spodoptera frugiperda.
| Development Stage | Regression model | k ± S.E. | t ± S.E. | R2-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eggs | y = 0.0280x − 0.3641 | 35.73 ± 0.31 | 13.01 ± 0.10 | 0.96 |
| First instar | y = 0.0212x − 0.1801 | 47.14 ± 3.13 | 8.49 ± 0.97 | 0.69 |
| Second instar | y = 0.0313x − 0.3315 | 31.98 ± 3.26 | 10.60 ± 1.28 | 0.48 |
| Third instar | y = 0.0463x − 0.6242 | 21.58 ± 1.49 | 13.47 ± 0.67 | 0.67 |
| Fourth instar | y = 0.0404x − 0.5293 | 24.78 ± 1.80 | 13.11 ± 0.73 | 0.65 |
| Fifth instar | y = 0.0278x − 0.3113 | 36.03 ± 3.13 | 11.21 ± 1.04 | 0.56 |
| Sixth instar | y = 0.0307x − 0.4560 | 32.57 ± 0.94 | 14.85 ± 0.24 | 0.92 |
| Pupal stages | y = 0.0067x − 0.0869 | 150.29 ± 2.79 | 13.06 ± 0.19 | 0.97 |
| Larval stage | y = 0.0049x − 0.0598 | 202.66 ± 4.45 | 12.12 ± 0.24 | 0.95 |
| Egg- to-adult | y = 0.0026x − 0.0322 | 390.41 ± 4.83 | 12.57 ± 0.13 | 0.98 |
t = estimated lower temperature threshold; k = estimated thermal requirement in degree-days.