Table 1.
Effect of Medicaid expansion on methadone kilograms dispensed in states by OTP concentration and Medicaid acceptance
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main model | OTP concentration interacted modela | OTP Medicaid acceptance interacted modelb | Medicaid enrollment sensitivity model | Percent insured sensitivity | |
| Medicaid expansion (average effect) | 25.0 [−41.7,91.7] | ||||
| Medicaid expansion (bottom third) | 14.9 [−42.1,71.8] | 27.4 [−33.6,88.5] | |||
| Expansion × middle third | 34.5 [−43.9,112.9] | 17.8 [−34.1,69.7] | |||
| Expansion × top third | 1.87 [−60.0,63.7] | −25.1 [−87.4,37.1] | |||
| Unemployment (%) | 1.00 [−15.8,17.8] | 1.90 [−14.9,18.7] | 1.56 [−14.8,17.9] | 4.88 [−14.5,24.3] | 0.065 [−19.1,19.3] |
| Population (10 000s) | 0.066 [−1.03,1.16] | 0.0025 [−1.10,1.11] | −0.0063 [−1.10,1.09] | −0.54 [−2.03,0.95] | 0.037 [−1.19,1.27] |
| Poverty rate (%) | −2.52 [−21.4,16.4] | −4.30 [−25.9,17.3] | −1.09 [−19.0,16.9] | −2.83 [−20.1,14.4] | −0.33 [−16.0,15.4] |
| Medicaid enrollment (100 000s) | 4.48 [−2.51,11.5] | ||||
| Insurance rate (%) | −0.13 [−8.85,8.58] | ||||
| State‐years | 336 | 336 | 336 | 336 | 336 |
95% confidence intervals in brackets.
States are divided into thirds by the number of OTPs per 100 000 persons in 2013. Bottom third states (mean 0.24 OTPs per 100 000 persons, six expansion states, four nonexpansion states): FL, HI, MI, MN, MO, OH, OR, VA, WA, and WI. Middle third states (mean 0.45 OTPs per 100 000 persons, five expansion states, four nonexpansion states): AL, AZ, CA, GA, NC, NJ, NV, PA, and UT. Top third states (mean 0.93 OTPs per 100 000 persons, eight expansion states, one nonexpansion state): CT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NY, RI, and VT.
States are divided into thirds by the percent of OTPs in the states accepting Medicaid in 2013. Bottom third states (41 percent OTPs accept Medicaid, four expansion states, six nonexpansion states): AL, AZ, DE, FL, GA, MI, MN, MO, NC, and VA. Middle third states (79 percent OTPs accept Medicaid, seven expansion states, two nonexpansion states): CA, MA, ME, NJ, OH, OR, PA, UT, and WA. Top third states (98 percent OTPs accept Medicaid, eight expansion states, one nonexpansion state): CT, HI, MD, NH, NV, NY, RI, VT, and WI.
P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.