Table 1.

Table of characteristics

Author (Year)	N	Sample completed (intervention/ control)	Population, ethnicity	Intervention	Cultural tailoring	Educator	Theoretical framework	Control group	Follow‐up months
Mammography attendance
Champion et al (2006)	344	299 (243/56)	African Americans	Three study arms: (a) educational 20‐min video; (b) a 40‐min interactive computer‐assisted instruction program. The targeted videotape was a linear version of the computer program. (c) Control group	The interventions were developed using input from community‐based focus groups of African American women who reviewed scripts for sociocultural appropriateness, acceptability, and understandability. The program used African American women (storytellers, media celebrity, physician, and minister) to educate and to demonstrate a mammography procedure	Video	HBMa, TTMb, extended parallel process model	Written material	6
Lee et al (2014)	428	395 (195/200)	Korean immigrants in the United States	Educational 30‐min DVD, a 10‐min group discussion session after video with PowerPoint presentation, and a homework discussion couple activity	The education program used a Korean‐language DVD with a Korean American physician to address facts and culture‐specific beliefs that prevent Korean American women from receiving screening. The homework discussion activity aimed to increase support provided by Korean American husbands for their wives		HBMa, Klein‐man's model of illness	Diet information	6,15
Mishra Shiraz et al (2007)	809	775 (391/384)	Samoan in the United States	Educational booklets, skill building and behavioral exercises, and interactive group discussion sessions	Educational materials in English and Samoan language, with Samoan artwork, scenery, and pictures of Samoans. Samoan health educators held educational sessions in Samoan language, addressing culture‐specific myths and beliefs. Role‐play and skill building with cultural and religious considerations	Lay health workers	HBMa, Freire's empowerment pedagogy	Usual care	8
Sadler et al (2011)	984	232 (112/120)	African Americans	Breast cancer education‐session offered in beauty salons. Posters and literature were displayed throughout the salons and cosmetologists used synthetic breast models to show clients how a lump feels.	Cosmetologists were trusted members of the African American society and located in their local community. The cosmetologist received individual training from an African American storyteller, an integral element in African culture. The salon had posters, brochures, and magazines with African American women (eg, black celebrities with cancer)	Trained beauty cosmetologist	HBMa	Diabetes education	6
Wang et al (2012)	664	571 (378/193)	Chinese Americans	Three study arms: (a) culturally target video including a Chinese soap opera–style story and recommendations from a Chinese physician; (b) genetic video with a general soap opera story with recommendations from a physician. (c) Control group	The culturally target video in soap opera style had a Chinese breast cancer survivor celebrating her birthday with friends. The female physician was Chinese. The video was in Mandarin, dubbed in Cantonese, with Chinese and English subtitles. The generic video showed multiethnic women discussing cancer at lunch break, with an American physician, talking in English, dubbed in Mandarin and Cantonese with Chinese and English subtitles	Video	HBMa	Fact sheet via mail	6
PAP test attendance
Byrd et al (2013)	613	513 (380/133)	Mexican Americans	Four study arms: (a) the full AMIGA program: video and flip chart with information, including games, activities, and a set of cards; (b) the AMIGA program without the video; (c) the AMIGA program without the flip chart. The 3 interventions included written information. (d) Control group	The intervention was developed by researchers, community members, and lay health workers with Hispanic origins and of similar socioeconomic status as the participants. Bicultural and bilingual lay health workers tested and validated the educational material. Education was given in Spanish or English, and addressed common myths, barriers and beliefs about cervical cancer and screening among Hispanics	Lay health workers	HBMa, TTMb, social cognitive theory	Usual care	6
O'Brien et al (2010)	120	70 (34/36)	Hispanics in the United States	Two 3‐h workshops, followed by education and pamphlets	Education program designed especially for Hispanic women, addressing common myths and barriers and epidemiology of cervical cancer in Hispanics. Questionnaires, education, and follow‐up in Spanish	Lay health workers	HBMa	Usual care	6
Mammography and pap test attendance
Jandorf et al (2008)	487	250 (151/99)	Latinas in the United States	Open health education meetings at local venues (eg, churches, homes, schools), with educational presentations and narrative communication from cancer survivors	The intervention was based on focus group findings with Latina breast cancer survivors, community gatekeepers and local clergy. The education provided specific cultural information and beliefs that resulted in a unique educational program for Latinos	Lay health workers and staff members		Diabetic education program	2
Maxwell et al (2003)	530	447 (213/234)	Filipino Americans	Educational group sessions in 60‐90 min and information packages to take home	Several components of the study were based on recommendations of Filipino community partners. Information and questionnaires were given in Tagalog and English. All health educators were born and raised Philippines and fluent in both English and Tagalog. The education was provided by a female Filipino health professional. Traditional Filipino snacks were served	Physicians and nurses	HBMa, adherence model	Physical activity module	12

^aThe health belief model.

^bThe transtheoretical model.