Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Regression: Composite MDADIa (N=889)
| Variables | Univariate Analysis Coefficient (95%CI) | P value | Multivariate Analysis Coefficient (95%CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late LCNP | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | −12.2 (−17.6, −6.7) | < 0.001 | −6.6 (−12.0, −1.3) | 0.015 |
| Age at diagnosis | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.1) | 0.328 | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.1) | 0.275 |
| Survival Time | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.1) | 0.009 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.1) | 0.151 |
| Radiation Dose | −1.1 (−1.5, −0.7) | < 0.001 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.6 (−1.4, 4.6) | 0.305 | 2.3 (−0.6, 5.2) | 0.119 |
| Education | ||||
| ≤Highschool | Reference | Reference | ||
| >Highschool | 5.3 (2.5, 8.1) | < 0.001 | 4.2 (1.5, 6.9) | 0.002 |
| Missing | 3.0 (−1.3, 7.3) | 0.167 | 2.8 (−1.4, 7.0) | 0.196 |
| Race | ||||
| Others | Reference | |||
| White | 1.3 (−3.1, 5.7) | 0.556 | ||
| Missing | −0.1 (−11.7, 11.5) | 0.987 | ||
| Primary Site | ||||
| Tonsil, soft palate, & | Reference | Reference | ||
| pharyngeal wall | ||||
| Base of tongue & GPS | −1.2(−3.4, 1.0) | 0.282 | −1.1 (−3.4, 1.2) | 0.334 |
| T classification | ||||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2 | −1.8 (−4.2, 0.6) | 0.139 | −1.1 (−3.6, 1.5) | 0.407 |
| 3 | −6.9 (−10.1, −3.6) | < 0.001 | −3.3 (−6.8, 0.3) | 0.069 |
| 4 | −14.0 (−17.9, −10.0) | < 0.001 | −9.9 (−14.1, −5.8) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former | −2.4 (−4.6, −0.1) | 0.039 | −1.6 (−3.8, 0.5) | 0.141 |
| Current | −8.9 (−13.4, −4.3) | < 0.001 | −7.0 (−11.4, −2.7) | 0.001 |
| Solid Food pre-Tx | ||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | −0.2 (−10.5, 10.1) | 0.965 | −2.1 (−12.0, 7.8) | 0.675 |
| Treatment Group | ||||
| Single modality Tx. | Reference | Reference | ||
| Multimodality Tx. | −5.1 (−7.4, −2.8) | < 0.001 | −2.7 (−5.4, −0.1) | 0.046 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | −10.4 (−21.9, 1.1) | 0.077 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | −4.9 (−7.2, −2.6) | < 0.001 | ||
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes, | 3.5 (−3.2, 10.1) | 0.310 | ||
| Neck Dissection | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | −0.9 (−3.4, 1.6) | 0.497 | ||
| RT Schedule | ||||
| Standard Fractionation | Reference | |||
| Accelerated | −6.9 (−10.4, −3.4) | < 0.001 | ||
| Missing | −2.0 (−13.5, 9.4) | 0.731 | ||
| RT Type | ||||
| 3d Conformal | Reference | Reference | ||
| IMRT-SF | 11.8 (7.2, 16.4) | < 0.001 | 8.1 (3.1, 13.1) | 0.002 |
| IMRT-WF | 6.9 (−0.2, 14.0) | 0.057 | 5.9 (−1.3, 13.0) | 0.107 |
| Proton | 19.7 (11.7, 27.7) | < 0.001 | 14.4 (6.0, 22.9) | 0.001 |
| IMRT-Ipsilateral | 17.1 (11.6, 22.5) | < 0.001 | 9.9 (3.8, 16.0) | 0.002 |
| Stricture/Dilation | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Yes | −19.0 (−27.1, −10.9) | < 0.001 | −13.1 (−21.1, −5.2) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: T, tumor; RT, radiotherapy; MDADI, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI); rho, Spearman rho; pre-Tx, pre-treatment; 3d Conformal, Three Dimensional (3D) Conformal Radiation Therapy; IMRT-SF, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with split field technique; IMRT-WF, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with whole field technique. Statistical significance p value < 0.25 after Univariate Analysis. Statistical significance p value < 0.05 after Multivariate Analysis.
a
Missing values imputed.