TABLE 1.
Clinical studies about the immunity dysfunction after surgeries for solid cancers
| Cancer types | Surgical strategies | The immunity dysfunction after surgery | The prognostic value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung cancer | Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus open resection | VATS was associated with less effect on circulating CD4+ T cells at 2 days, on NK lymphocytes at 7 days postsurgery, lymphocyte oxidation suppression at 2 days. | ‐ | 8 |
| Colorectal cancer | Open and Laparoscopic | NK cell IFN‐γ secretion is significantly suppressed for up to 2 months following surgery. | ‐ | 6 |
| Prostate cancer | Radical prostatectomy | CD14−HLA‐DR−CD33+CD11b+ cells wereincreased. | ‐ | 15 |
| Breast cancer | Radical mastectomy | Peripheral FOXP3 mRNA level and Treg frequencies were elevated on postoperative day 7. | ‐ | 13 |
| Ovarian cancer | Debulking surgery | The levels of IL‐10 decreased after surgery. | Gal‐1 and CCL2 are independent prognostic factors for progression‐free survival and overall survival. | 14 |
| Gastric cancer | Minimally invasive surgery and Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass | Differences within the open group were seen for T lymphocytes, NK cells, T‐helper lymphocytes, and CD4/CD8 subsets, significant decreases were found in cytotoxicity on day 1 and 2. | ‐ | 11 |
| Esophagus cancer | Esophagectomy | A thoracoscopic approach was a significant factor in attenuating IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels on postoperative day 1, and a longer operative time was a significant factor in increasing these levels. | ‐ | 9 |
| Pancreas adenocarcinoma | Curative pancreatectomy | The immunologic statusdeteriorated within 3 to 4 days after the operation and recovered after that. | Elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio at postoperative 1 and 6 months and decreased total lymphocyte count at postoperative 1 month were significant prognosis predictors. | 12 |
| Osteosarcoma | Wide excision | The serum levels of VEGF and endostatin decreased after removal of the tumor. | The postoperative levels of VEGF, VEGF/platelets, and endostatin significantly higher in the recurrence group than the no‐recurrence group. | 16 |
| Renal cancer | Radical nephrectomy or nephron‐sparing surgery | Naïve T‐cells, memory T‐cells, CD16+ NK and total circulating dendritic cells worsened after 12 and 24 h from surgery. | ‐ | 10 |