Table 3.
Summary of interventions and strategies for primary prevention of neurotrauma from primary studies (n = 252)
| Intervention/strategy type | Personal safety/protective equipment | Education/training/awareness-raising | Legislation/policy | Enforcement | Engineering | Multi-component |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of studies | 58 | 48 | 96 | 36 | 51 | 4 |
| Country type | ||||||
| LMIC | 14 | 15 | 17 | 9 | 12 | 1 |
| HIC | 44 | 33 | 79 | 27 | 39 | 3 |
| Study design/publication type | ||||||
| Experimental | 2 | 16 | 49 | 20 | 14 | 2 |
| Observational | 28 | 3 | 23 | 5 | 15 | 1 |
| Descriptive | 13 | 3 | 9 | – | 1 | – |
| Discussion paper/report | 4 | 20 | 14 | 10 | 16 | 1 |
| Qualitative | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | – |
| Mixed methods | 4 | 3 | – | – | 1 | – |
| Setting | ||||||
| National | 11 | 12 | 34 | 15 | 20 | 1 |
| State/province | 15 | 6 | 47 | 10 | 8 | – |
| City/town/village | 27 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 2 |
| Neighbourhood/school-based/health facility-based/workplace | 2 | 13 | 4 | – | 2 | 1 |
| Not reported | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | – |
| Years | ||||||
| 1974–1983 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1984–1993 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | – |
| 1994–2003 | 11 | 7 | 23 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 2004–2013 | 11 | 21 | 31 | 16 | 21 | 1 |
| 2014–2019 | 29 | 17 | 35 | 17 | 21 | 1 |
| Population | ||||||
| Adults and children | 34 | 23 | 49 | 32 | 43 | 3 |
| Adults only | 6 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 6 | – |
| Children only | 18 | 10 | 34 | – | 2 | 1 |