Table 2.

Serum metabolic profile identified in adult, ageing and ageing Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats.

Metabolite	S versus A			Wi versus S			Wa versus S
	Mean ± SD (mM)	Mean ± SD (mM)	P-Value	Mean ± SD (mM)	Mean ± SD (mM)	P-Value	Mean ± SD (mM)	Mean ± SD (mM)	P-Value
Alanine	0.245 ± 0.047	0.090 ± 0.049	<0.001	0.182 ± 0.037	0.245 ± 0.047	0.041	0.151 ± 0.029	0.245 ± 0.047	0.001
Asparagine	0.041 ± 0.007	0.016 ± 0.004	<0.001	0.020 ± 0.008	0.041 ± 0.007	<0.001	0.017 ± 0.004	0.041 ± 0.007	<0.001
Aspartate	0.019 ± 0.003	0.009 ± 0.005	0.001	0.013 ± 0.003	0.019 ± 0.003	0.040	0.010 ± 0.003	0.019 ± 0.003	0.001
Betaine	0.112 ± 0.027	0.035 ± 0.020	0.005	0.066 ± 0.024	0.112 ± 0.027	0.059	0.072 ± 0.036	0.112 ± 0.027	0.119
Carnitine	0.027 ± 0.006	0.010 ± 0.006	0.001	0.018 ± 0.004	0.027 ± 0.006	0.019	0.016 ± 0.005	0.027 ± 0.006	0.006
Citrate	0.147 ± 0.020	0.038 ± 0.020	<0.001	0.097 ± 0.036	0.147 ± 0.020	0.044	0.080 ± 0.029	0.147 ± 0.020	0.005
Dimethylamine	0.001 ± 0.0001	0.027 ± 0.008	<0.001	0.002 ± 0.002	0.001 ± 0.0001	0.946	0.002 ± 0.002	0.001 ± 0.0001	0.923
Fumarate	0.003 ± 0.002	0.002 ± 0.002	0.930	0.001 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.002	0.185	0.001 ± 0.0005	0.003 ± 0.002	0.032
Glutamate	0.087 ± 0.023	0.036 ± 0.022	0.007	0.056 ± 0.025	0.087 ± 0.023	0.063	0.037 ± 0.010	0.087 ± 0.023	0.001
Glutamine	0.374 ± 0.065	0.107 ± 0.061	<0.001	0.238 ± 0.066	0.374 ± 0.065	0.014	0.192 ± 0.076	0.374 ± 0.065	0.001
Glycine	0.141 ± 0.027	0.052 ± 0.027	<0.001	0.086 ± 0.017	0.141 ± 0.027	0.008	0.095 ± 0.032	0.141 ± 0.027	0.029
Lactate	5.588 ± 1.510	1.720 ± 1.541	<0.001	3.192 ± 0.856	5.588 ± 1.510	0.002	2.404 ± 0.499	5.588 ± 1.510	<0.001
Leucine	0.063 ± 0.007	0.027 ± 0.013	0.005	0.047 ± 0.011	0.063 ± 0.007	0.239	0.051 ± 0.017	0.063 ± 0.007	0.500
Lysine	0.163 ± 0.027	0.088 ± 0.056	0.008	0.117 ± 0.027	0.163 ± 0.027	0.069	0.093 ± 0.018	0.163 ± 0.027	0.003
Methionine	0.030 ± 0.004	0.014 ± 0.007	<0.001	0.021 ± 0.006	0.030 ± 0.004	0.019	0.018 ± 0.002	0.030 ± 0.004	0.001
Phenylalanine	0.034 ± 0.003	0.013 ± 0.006	<0.001	0.029 ± 0.007	0.034 ± 0.003	0.480	0.026 ± 0.004	0.034 ± 0.003	0.127
Proline	0.127 ± 0.025	0.046 ± 0.023	<0.001	0.062 ± 0.019	0.127 ± 0.025	<0.001	0.058 ± 0.011	0.127 ± 0.025	<0.001
Pyruvate	0.165 ± 0.022	0.022 ± 0.017	<0.001	0.102 ± 0.032	0.165 ± 0.022	0.002	0.100 ± 0.022	0.165 ± 0.022	0.001
Serine	0.124 ± 0.022	0.028 ± 0.019	<0.001	0.073 ± 0.020	0.124 ± 0.022	<0.001	0.060 ± 0.013	0.124 ± 0.022	<0.001
Taurine	0.304 ± 0.088	0.128 ± 0.082	0.022	0.170 ± 0.076	0.304 ± 0.088	0.040	0.148 ± 0.078	0.304 ± 0.088	0.014
Threonine	0.164 ± 0.034	0.052 ± 0.019	0.002	0.119 ± 0.037	0.164 ± 0.034	0.248	0.092 ± 0.047	0.164 ± 0.034	0.024
Tyrosine	0.049 ± 0.014	0.020 ± 0.009	<0.001	0.035 ± 0.007	0.049 ± 0.014	0.052	0.031 ± 0.007	0.049 ± 0.014	0.011
Valine	0.093 ± 0.014	0.039 ± 0.017	<0.001	0.062 ± 0.018	0.093 ± 0.014	0.018	0.052 ± 0.015	0.093 ± 0.014	0.001

Legend: (A) control adult rat; (S) control ageing rat; (Wi) ageing tumour-bearing rat in intermediated stage; (Wa) ageing tumour-bearing rat in advanced stage. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analysed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) (comparison to S versus A; Wi versus S; Wa versus S). Bold P values represented a significant difference.