Table 2.
Metabolites that differed significantly between patients with NAFL (n = 12), early NASH (n = 31) and advanced NASH (n = 14).
| NASH vs. NAFL | Early NASH vs. NAFL | ||||||
| Metabolite | p Value | Fold * Change | Method | Metabolite | p Value | Fold * Change | Method |
| Acetylglycine | 0.03 | 0.57 | MS | Hydroxyphenylpyruvate | 0.002 | 0.83 | MS |
| Cysteine | 0.04 | 0.88 | MS | Inositol | 0.03 | 0.86 | MS |
| Alanine | 0.02 | 0.96 | NMR | Cysteine | 0.04 | 0.87 | MS |
| Glucose | 0.04 | 1.16 | MS | Acetylcarnitine | 0.04 | 0.90 | MS |
| Erythrose | 0.02 | 1.18 | MS | Phenylalanine | 0.03 | 1.12 | NMR |
| Tyrosine | 0.01 | 1.18 | NMR | Tyrosine | 0.02 | 1.18 | NMR |
| Isovaleric acid | 0.02 | 1.25 | MS | Erythrose | 0.04 | 1.18 | MS |
| Leucic acid | 0.04 | 1.28 | MS | Alanine | 0.03 | 1.18 | NMR |
| Xanthine | 0.02 | 1.49 | MS | Tryptophan | 0.04 | 1.19 | NMR |
| Oxypurinol | 0.01 | 1.54 | MS | ||||
| Glycochenodeoxycholate | 0.04 | 3.13 | MS | ||||
| Advanced NASH vs. Early NASH | Advanced NASH vs. NAFL | ||||||
| Metabolite | p Value | Fold * Change | Method | Metabolite | p Value | Fold * Change | Method |
| Spermidine | 0.005 | 0.49 | MS | Spermidine | 0.005 | 0.33 | MS |
| Oxaloacetate | 0.01 | 0.85 | MS | Acetylglycine | 0.01 | 0.48 | MS |
| Orotate | 0.0009 | 0.85 | MS | Glucose | 0.04 | 1.20 | MS |
| Linoleic acid | 0.01 | 1.32 | MS | Isovaleric acid | 0.04 | 1.30 | MS |
| Linolenic acid | 0.01 | 1.33 | MS | Leucic acid | 0.02 | 1.30 | MS |
| 2-hydroxyglutarate | 0.01 | 1.33 | MS | 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid | 0.03 | 1.49 | MS |
| Xanthine | 0.04 | 2.08 | MS | ||||
| Oxypurinol | 0.04 | 2.17 | MS | ||||
| Glycocholate | 0.02 | 2.22 | MS | ||||
| Glycochenodeoxycholate | 0.01 | 2.38 | MS | ||||
* Fold changes shown are the ratios of NASH/ NAFL; Early NASH/ NAFL; Advanced NASH/ NAFL; Advanced NASH/ Early NASH. They are ordered from the lowest ratio (i.e., most “protective” against advanced disease) to the highest ratio (i.e., most highly associated with advanced disease).