Table 3.
Metabolites that differed significantly between patients with different levels of hepatic fibrosis (F0-1 (n = 43) vs. F2-4 (n = 14) or steatosis (grade 0-1 (n = 27) vs. grade 2-3 (n = 30)).
| Fibrosis Stage 2–4 vs. Fibrosis Stage 0–1 | Steatosis Grade 2–3 vs. Steatosis Grade 0–1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | p Value | Fold Change * | Method | Metabolite | p Value | Fold Change * | Method |
| Spermidine | 0.0008 | 0.47 | MS | Erythrose | 0.01 | 1.19 | MS |
| N-acetylglycine | 0.001 | 0.63 | MS | Mannose | 0.002 | 1.33 | NMR |
| Oxaloacetate | 0.004 | 0.83 | MS | Isovaleric acid | 0.01 | 1.33 | MS |
| Orotate | 0.01 | 0.85 | MS | Glucose | 0.02/0.005 | 1.37/1.22 | NMR/MS |
| Adipic acid | 0.03 | 1.20 | MS | ||||
| Sucrose | 0.04 | 1.20 | MS | ||||
| Aconitate | 0.03 | 1.23 | MS | ||||
| Azelaic acid | 0.04 | 1.25 | MS | ||||
* The fold changes are the ratios of Fibrosis stage 2–4/Fibrosis stage 0–1; Steatosis grade 2–3/Steatosis grade 0–1. They are ordered from the lowest ratio (i.e., most “protective” against advanced disease) to the highest ratio (i.e., most highly associated with advanced disease).