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. 2020 May 20;18(2):1559325820926765. doi: 10.1177/1559325820926765

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Astaxanthin (5 µM) decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and improved impaired glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and glucose transport. A, Generation of ROS was monitored using 5 μM 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Astaxanthin decreases ROS generated by TNF-α. B, Astaxanthin restored the impaired GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. C, Astaxanthin restored glucose transport in C2C12 cells after treatment with TNF-α. Data were presented as means ± standard error of mean (SEM). # P < .05 compared to untreated cells stimulated by insulin at the same dose. *P < .05, **P < .01.