Table 2.
Perceptions of Team Roles and Relationships
| ALL |
Emergency/Trauma |
ICU/CCU |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD |
NP |
MD |
NP |
MD |
NP |
||||||||||
| N = | 474 | 363 | p value | 281 | 166 | p value | 219 | 214 | p value | ||||||
| Team leader | |||||||||||||||
| Nurse practitioner | 0 | 0% | 27 | 7% | <.001 | 0 | 0% | 10 | 6% | <.001 | 0 | 0% | 18 | 8% | <.001 |
| Physician | 431 | 91% | 222 | 61% | 249 | 89% | 88 | 53% | 208 | 95% | 142 | 66% | |||
| It depends on the patients’ needs and clinical situation | 24 | 5% | 65 | 18% | 20 | 6% | 27 | 9% | 4 | 2% | 28 | 13% | |||
| Other (both, not applicable, not sure) | 19 | 4% | 49 | 14% | 13 | 5% | 41 | 25% | 6 | 3% | 26 | 13% | |||
| Whom do you work with on a daily basis ? | |||||||||||||||
| Registered Nurses | 457 | 96% | 349 | 96% | 0.8374 | 271 | 96% | 158 | 95% | 0.5125 | 212 | 97% | 206 | 96% | 0.7578 |
| Licensed Practical Nurses | 132 | 28% | 46 | 13% | <.001 | 83 | 30% | 37 | 22% | 0.095 | 57 | 26% | 11 | 5% | <.001 |
| Primary care nurse practitioner | 128 | 27% | 90 | 25% | 0.4701 | 98 | 35% | 60 | 36% | 0.7862 | 36 | 16% | 34 | 16% | 0.8764 |
| Specialized nurse practitioners | 216 | 46% | 225 | 62% | <.001 | 111 | 40% | 70 | 42% | 0.5789 | 124 | 57% | 169 | 79% | <.001 |
| Physician Assistants | 286 | 60% | 207 | 57% | 0.3344 | 201 | 72% | 106 | 64% | 0.0909 | 102 | 47% | 108 | 50% | 0.4178 |
| Primary Care physicians | 187 | 39% | 146 | 40% | 0.8218 | 98 | 35% | 71 | 43% | 0.0962 | 94 | 43% | 80 | 37% | 0.2398 |
| Specialist physicians | 370 | 78% | 309 | 85% | 0.0096 | 195 | 69% | 128 | 77% | 0.0784 | 199 | 91% | 195 | 91% | 0.9265 |
| Team Assessment (% responding "strongly/somewhat agree") | |||||||||||||||
| My role is clear to me | 388 | 82% | 201 | 55% | <.001 | 230 | 82% | 97 | 58% | <.001 | 180 | 82% | 115 | 54% | <.001 |
| My colleagues have clear roles and responsibilities | 333 | 70% | 181 | 50% | <.001 | 196 | 70% | 82 | 49% | <.001 | 156 | 71% | 107 | 50% | <.001 |
| My unit or department is an example of excellent teamwork between physicians nurses and other health professionals | 199 | 42% | 124 | 34% | 0.021 | 111 | 40% | 50 | 30% | 0.046 | 105 | 48% | 81 | 38% | 0.034 |
| My colleagues and I are prepared to provide outstanding care in a crisis or disaster | 194 | 41% | 136 | 37% | 0.310 | 116 | 41% | 64 | 39% | 0.570 | 92 | 42% | 82 | 38% | 0.433 |
| When physicians and nurse practitioners perform the same type of procedure or clinical examination physicians provides higher quality care than nurse practitioners | 290 | 61% | 17 | 5% | <.001 | 164 | 58% | 8 | 5% | <.001 | 139 | 63% | 10 | 5% | <.001 |
| Physicians with whom I work trust nurse practitioner's skills and clinical decision making | 260 | 55% | 326 | 90% | <.001 | 148 | 53% | 148 | 89% | <.001 | 131 | 60% | 194 | 91% | <.001 |
| Nurse practitioners are effective leaders of care teams that include physicians nurses and other health professionals | 238 | 50% | 350 | 96% | <.001 | 145 | 52% | 158 | 95% | <.001 | 109 | 50% | 209 | 98% | <.001 |
| Rating of the quality of working relationships (% responding "excellent/very good", exclude not applicable) | |||||||||||||||
| All members of the clinical team | 363 | 77% | 235 | 65% | 0.0080 | 214 | 76% | 102 | 61% | 0.004 | 169 | 77% | 145 | 68% | 0.2135 |
| NPs and attending MDs | 288 | 61% | 286 | 79% | <.0001 | 167 | 59% | 131 | 79% | <.0001 | 142 | 65% | 168 | 79% | <.0001 |
| NPs and trainee MDs | 147 | 31% | 166 | 46% | <.0001 | 85 | 30% | 76 | 46% | 0.001 | 76 | 35% | 100 | 47% | 0.000 |
| Attending MDs and nurse trainees | 202 | 43% | 115 | 32% | 0.001 | 110 | 39% | 55 | 33% | 0.142 | 102 | 47% | 65 | 30% | 0.003 |