Table 3.

Roles of NPs in Units

	ALL					Emergency/Trauma					ICU/CCU
	MD in collaborative unit		NP			MD		NP			MD		NP
N =	292		338		p value	177		149		p value	137		204		p value
In my unit, NPs
Take history and perform physical examinations	249	85%	321	95%	<.0001	157	89%	145	97%	0.003	109	80%	191	94%	<.0001
Formulates and implements treatment plans for management of acute illnesses	225	77%	324	96%	<.0001	143	81%	146	98%	<.0001	99	72%	192	94%	<.0001
Orders and interprets results of laboratory studies	258	88%	335	99%	<.0001	158	89%	149	100%	<.0001	120	88%	201	99%	<.0001
Orders professional consultations	214	73%	314	93%	<.0001	127	72%	138	93%	<.0001	103	75%	190	93%	<.0001
Prescribes appropriate medications	251	86%	335	99%	<.0001	154	87%	149	100%	<.0001	118	86%	201	99%	<.0001
Explains procedures (necessity, preparation, nature, effects) to patients, patient's family	248	85%	327	97%	<.0001	152	86%	148	99%	<.0001	116	85%	194	95%	0.001
Works with patient and family on palliative care and end of life planning	166	57%	255	75%	<.0001	70	40%	85	57%	0.002	113	82%	184	90%	0.037
Performs spinal or joint taps	64	22%	111	33%	0.002	42	24%	66	44%	<.0001	25	18%	52	25%	0.117
Performs basic procedures for wounds and abscesses (sutures, debridement, drain ulcers)	188	64%	223	66%	0.676	148	84%	142	95%	0.001	55	40%	96	47%	0.208
Performs intubation	49	17%	116	34%	<.0001	15	8%	44	30%	<.0001	36	26%	79	39%	0.017
Inserts central lines (subclavian, internal jugular)	73	25%	145	43%	<.0001	21	12%	40	27%	0.0006	62	45%	115	56%	0.044
Leads unit team rounds	18	6%	107	32%	<.0001	3	2%	35	23%	<.0001	17	12%	82	40%	<.0001
Interprets EKGs	113	39%	284	84%	<.0001	52	29%	115	77%	<.0001	74	54%	184	90%	<.0001
Response to emergencies RRT/codes	91	31%	223	66%	<.0001	38	21%	58	39%	0.0006	69	50%	178	87%	<.0001
On call (carries beeper) on nights and weekends	44	15%	114	34%	<.0001	12	7%	31	21%	0.0002	39	28%	93	46%	0.002