Table 2.
Patient-reported symptoms and clinical and chest radiographic findings in patients with or without COVID-19.
| Variable | Total (N=391) | COVID-19 Positive (n=225) | COVID-19 Negative (n=166) | Missing Data, No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-reported symptoms (%) | 1 (0.2) | |||
| Classic symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 259 (66.4) | 176 (78.2) | 83 (50.3) | |
| Cough | 239 (61.3) | 158 (70.2) | 81 (49.1) | |
| Dyspnea | 197 (50.5) | 131 (58.2) | 66 (40.0) | |
| Myalgia | 93 (23.8) | 71 (31.6) | 22 (13.3) | |
| Rhinitis/pharyngitis | 45 (11.5) | 19 (8.4) | 26 (15.8) | |
| Anosmia | 34 (8.7) | 31 (13.8) | 3 (1.8) | |
| None | 41 (10.5) | 10 (4.4) | 31 (18.8) | |
| Less classic symptoms | ||||
| Headache | 27 (6.9) | 15 (6.7) | 12 (7.3) | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 94 (24.1) | 53 (23.6) | 41 (24.8) | |
| Fatigue | 55 (14.1) | 34 (15.1) | 21 (12.7) | |
| Chest pain | 24 (6.2) | 11 (4.9) | 13 (7.9) | |
| Dizziness/syncope | 21 (5.4) | 8 (3.6) | 13 (7.9) | |
| Hemoptysis | 4 (1.0) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Symptom duration, median (IQR), days | 5 (3–8) | 7 (3–9) | 4 (2–7) | 37 (9.5) |
| Vital signs at ED arrival, median (IQR) | ||||
| SBP, mm Hg | 130 (113–143) | 129 (111–141) | 131 (116–145) | 6 (1.5) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75 (65–85) | 75 (65–85) | 75 (66–85) | 7 (1.8) |
| PR, beats/min | 94 (84–109) | 93 (85–106) | 99 (82–110) | 8 (2.0) |
| Temperature, °C | 37.3 (36.6–38.0) | 37.6 (36.9–38.1) | 36.9 (36.4–37.6) | 6 (1.5) |
| RR, breaths/min | 22 (19–28) | 25 (20–30) | 20 (17–24) | 70 (17.9) |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 100 (96–100) | 99 (96–100) | 100 (97–100) | 1 (0.2) |
| Need for oxygen therapy, No. (%) | 131 (34.0) | 96 (43.0) | 35 (21.6) | 6 (1.5) |
| Oxygen delivery, median (IQR), L/min | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–6) | 2 (2–3) | 5 (3.8) |
| Physical examination, No. (%) | ||||
| Altered mental status | 28 (7.2) | 15 (6.7) | 13 (7.8) | 1 (0.2) |
| Mottled skin | 34 (9.1) | 23 (10.7) | 11 (7.0) | 19 (4.9) |
| Lung auscultation | 7 (1.8) | |||
| Normal | 218 (56.8) | 106 (48.4) | 112 (67.9) | |
| Unilateral crackles | 33 (8.6) | 21 (9.6) | 12 (7.3) | |
| Bilateral crackles | 95 (24.7) | 80 (36.5) | 15 (9.1) | |
| Wheezing | 17 (4.4) | 4 (1.8) | 13 (7.9) | |
| Lung ultrasonography | 4 (1.0) | |||
| Not performed | 303 (78.3) | 176 (78.9) | 127 (77.4) | |
| No bilateral B lines | 44 (11.4) | 11 (4.9) | 33 (20.1) | |
| Bilateral B lines | 40 (10.3) | 36 (16.2) | 4 (2.5) | |
| Chest radiograph | 0 | |||
| Not performed | 262 (67.0) | 145 (64.4) | 117 (70.5) | |
| Normal | 48 (12.3) | 19 (8.4) | 29 (17.5) | |
| 1 lung involved | 11 (2.8) | 6 (2.7) | 5 (3.0) | |
| Both lungs involved | 43 (11.0) | 35 (15.6) | 8 (4.8) | |
| Other | 27 (6.9) | 20 (8.9) | 7 (4.2) |
SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PR, pulse rate; RR, respiratory rate.