Table 7.
Common microbial pathogens in pneumonia.
|
A. Community acquired pneumonia | |
| Bacterial | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Haemophilus influenzae | |
| Legionella spp. | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | |
| Viral | Influenza virus |
| Respiratory Syncytial virus | |
| Metapneumovirus | |
| Coronavirus | |
| Rhinovirus | |
| Adenovirus | |
| Other | Mycobacterium tuberculosis—in TB endemic areas |
| B. Hospital acquired pneumonia | |
| In addition to pathogens implicated in CAP | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | |
| Enterobacteriaceae | |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | |
| C. Immunocompromised host | |
| In addition to pathogens implicated in CAP and HAP: | |
| Fungal | Pneumocystis jirovecii |
| Aspergillus spp. | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | |
| Endemic fungi e.g., histoplasmosis, cocciodiomycosis (geographically restricted) | |
| Viral | Cytomegalovirus |
| Varicella | |
| Herpes | |
| Parasitic | Strongyloides stercoralis |
| Toxoplasma gondii | |
| Bacterial | Nocardia asteroides |
| Rhodococcus eui | |
| Bordetella pertussis | |
| Pasteurella multocida | |
| Mycobacterial | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Non-tuberculous mycobacteria | |