Table 8.
Pathogens commonly associated with specific environments or exposures.
| Exposure/high incidence areas | Pathogen |
|---|---|
| Bats | Histoplasma capsulatum |
| Birds | Chlamydia psittaci, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Poultry, wild birds | Avian influenza |
| Rabbits, deer | Francisella tularensis |
| Farm animals (esp. birthing season) | Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) |
| Contaminated water sources, compost | Legionella spp. |
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—camels | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) |
| East Asia, South America—consumption of infected crustaceans | Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) |
| Thailand, Vietnam, northern Australia—contaminated soil | Burkholderia pseudomallaei |
| South-East Asia, East India, South China—immunocompromised | Talaromyces marneffei (previously Penicillium marneffei) |