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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: Front Sustain Food Syst. 2020 Feb 6;3:124. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00124

TABLE 4 |.

Associations between detection of each microbial or molecular target, and weather and water quality factors according to generalized linear mixed modelsa.

Outcome Factor Change in odds 95% CI b P-value
eaeA-stx Codetection
Avg. Solar Radiation 0-1d BSCc (MJ/m2) 0.37 0.12, 4.15 0.084
E. coli Levels (log10 MPN/100-mL) 1.77 0.98, 3.20 0.057
Flow Rate (m/s) 2.90 0.86, 9.77 0.087
Rum2Bac, Concentration (log10 Copies/100-mL) 1.64 0.012
Rum2Bac, Detection (Failure to Detect = Reference) 4.25 1.35, 13.37 0.013
Listeria species excluding L. monocytogenes
Avg. Solar Radiation 2–3 d BSC (MJ/m2) 0.16 0.02, 1.29 0.085
Avg. Air Temperature 20–30 d BSC (C) 0.93 0.86, 1.00 0.061
Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L) 1.34 1.06, 1.69 0.015
E. coli Levels (log10 MPN/100-mL) 0.50 0.26, 0.96 0.036
PH 3.65 1.14, 11.64 0.029
Total Rainfall 2–3 d BSC (cm) 3.28 1.44, 7.51 0.005
Total Rainfall 10–20 d BSC (cm) 0.78 0.59, 1.03 0.081
Turbidity (log NTUs) 0.36 0.14, 0.94 0.037
Water Temperature (C) 0.92 0.84, 0.99 0.029
L. monocytogenes Isolation
Turbidity (log10 NTUs) 0.32 0.09, 1.08 0.066
Salmonella Isolation
Avg. Solar Radiation 0–1 d BSC (MJ/m2) 0.27 0.09, 0.77 0.015
Avg. Solar Radiation 2–3 d BSC (MJ/m2) 0.36 0.12, 1.08 0.068
Avg. Air Temperature 10–20 d BSC (C) 0.94 0.87, 1.01 0.095
Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L) 0.74 0.72, 0.89 0.001
E. coli Levels (log10 MPN/100-mL) 1.83 1.08, 3.09 0.025
HF183, Concentration (log10 copies/100-mL) 1.24 1.01, 1.52 0.039
HF183, Detection (Failure to Detect = Reference) 1.78 0.91, 3.50 0.095
pH 0.24 0.10, 0.58 0.002
Rainfall 0–1 d BSC (cm) 2.18 1.31, 3.62 0.003
a

Since this was a hypothesis-generating study, two thresholds were used for interpreting the results of the GLMMs. Specifically, P< 0.05 indicated that likelihood of microbial target detection and the factor were significantly associated, while a 0.05≤P<0.10 indicated the presence of a potential relationship that warrants investigation in future studies.

b

CI, Confidence interval.

c

BSC, before sample collection.