Table 4.

Logistic regression analysis showing associations between socioeconomic factors, place of residence and cesarean delivery in Kenya 2014 and Tanzania, 2015–2016

Overall N = 13,372	Overall	Kenya	Tanzania
Variables	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Wealth status
Poorest	0.9(0.7–1.2)	0.8(0.6–1.2)	0.9(0.6–1.4)
Poor	0.9(0.7–1.2)	0.9(0.7–1.2)	0.6(0.4–1.0)
Middle	Ref	Ref	Ref
Rich	1.1(0.9–1.4)	1.1(0.8–1.4)	1.1(0.7–1.4)
Richest	1.4(1.2–1.8)	1.2(0.9–1.6)	1.6(1.2–2.2)
Educational level
No education	0.8(0.6–1.0)	0.9(0.6–1.4)	0.8(0.5–1.1)
Primary	Ref	Ref	Ref
Secondary	1.2(1.0–1.4)	1.1(0.8–1.2)	1.4(1.1–1.8)
Higher	1.6(1.2–2.0)	1.4(1.0 − 1.8)	2.4(1.3–4.4)
Maternal occupation
Not working	Ref	Ref	Ref
Managerial, technical, clerical	1.7(1.3–2.2)	1.3(0.9–1.7)	2.9(1.9–4.3)
Self-employed farmer	0.9(0.7–1.1)	1.0(0.8–1.3)	0.9(0.7–1.3)
Manual, domestic services	1.02(0.84–1.22)	1.0(0.8–1.3)	1.1(0.8–1.5)
Health Insurance
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	1.6(1.3–1.9)	1.4(1.2–1.8)	1.8(1.4–2.4)
Place of residence
Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
Urban	1.3(1.2–1.5)	1.2(1.0–1.4)	1.5(1.2–1.8)
Health facility of birth
Government facility	Ref	Ref	Ref
Mission health facility	1.9(1.6–2.2)	1.5(1.2–1.8)	2.7(2.1–3.4)
Private facility	N/A	N/A	2.2(1.3–3.5)

Each socioeconomic factor independently adjusted for maternal age, birthweight, parity, multiple births.

aOR, adjusted odds ratio. Missing data were excluded from analysis.

Bold values indicate statistically significant adjusted odds ratios.