| Norrbrink Budh et al., (2006), Sweden44
|
To assess whether a comprehensive multidisciplinary pain management program contributes to improved sleep quality, mood, life satisfaction, health-related quality of life, sense of coherence and pain for patients with SCI and neuropathic pain. |
Mixed Methods |
Before after intervention, program evaluation, interview |
38 |
| Molton et al., (2008), United States45
|
To test the Motivational Model of Pain Self-Management in adults with SCI-related pain. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
130 |
| Buscemi et al., (2017), United Kingdom46
|
To explore how Italians with SCI-related CNP lived with their pain, what they knew about CNP, their experience of healthcare, and how their pain was best managed. |
Qualitative |
Interview, Focus groups |
9 |
| Norrbrink and Lundeberg, (2011), Sweden47
|
To explore the possibility of using acupuncture and massage therapy for relieving neuropathic pain following SCI. |
Quantitative |
Before after intervention |
30 |
| Rodgers et al., (2007), United States48
|
To adapt a family psychoeducation model, multiple-family group treatment, for persons with brain and SCI and their families. |
Mixed Methods |
Before after intervention, focus groups, interviews |
55 |
| Curtis et al., (2015), Canada49
|
To conduct a modified yoga program for individuals with SCI, in terms of both participant experiences and program satisfaction. |
Mixed Methods |
Pilot study, interview, program evaluation |
11 |
| Nawoczenski et al., (2010), Australia50
|
To determine the effects of an exercise intervention on pain and functional disability in people with SCI and shoulder impingement symptoms. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
41 |
| Perry et al., (2010), Australia51
|
To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral pain management program in people with SCI-related chronic pain. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey, program evaluation |
36 |
| Stuntzner, (2008), United States52
|
To determine if a self-study intervention helps people with SCI improve their emotional functioning. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
16 |
| Henwood et al., (2012), Canada53
|
To provide insight into the experience and context of SCI individuals who live with CNP and have some degree of acceptance of their pain. |
Qualitative |
Interview |
7 |
| Kratz et al., (2013), United States54
|
To examine if activity engagement and pain willingness predict adjustment to pain. |
Quantitative |
Longitudinal |
164 |
| Smith et al., (2015), United Kingdom55
|
To investigate users’ perceptions of physiotherapeutic interventions in the syringomyelia population. |
Mixed Methods |
Cross-sectional survey, interviews |
49 |
| Lofgren and Norrbrink, (2012), Sweden56
|
To identify strategies and treatments used by individuals with SCI for long-term neuropathic pain, and their experience, needs and expectations of pain management. |
Qualitative |
Interview |
18 |
| Henwood and Ellis, (2004), Canada57
|
To explore the experience of CNP in SCI patients relating to physical, emotional, psychosocial, environmental, informational, practical and spiritual domains, and to identify pain coping strategies. |
Qualitative |
Focus groups |
24 |
| Heutink et al., (2011), Netherlands58
|
To describe pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain treatments used for CSCIP and examine their effectiveness. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
215 |
| Dorstyn et al., (2012), Australia59
|
To determine whether an individualized counseling intervention delivered by telephone improves the emotional adjustment of adults with a newly acquired SCI. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
40 |
| Jensen et al., (2009), United States60
|
To examine the effects of hypnosis intervention on pain intensity and depressive symptoms. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
37 |
| Curtis, K et al., (2017), Canada61
|
To evaluate the effects of a specialized yoga program for individuals with a SCI on pain, psychological, and mindfulness variables. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
22 |
| Guest et al., (1997), United States62
|
To determine if an electrical stimulation walking program results in a change of physical self-concept and depression. |
Mixed Methods |
Before after intervention, interview |
15 |
| Burns et al., (2013), Canada63
|
To assess the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain program for persons with SCI and chronic pain. |
Quantitative |
Before after intervention |
17 |
| Zsoldos et al., (2014), Hungary64
|
To promote the psychological adaptation and social reintegration of patients with SCI by reducing depression and feelings of isolation caused by the long hospitalization. |
Qualitative |
Interview |
15 |
| Hearn et al., (2015), United Kingdom65
|
To achieve an understanding of the experience of chronic NP post-SCI and to explore what those living with it consider important in their experience. |
Qualitative |
Interview |
8 |
| Widerstrom-Noga et al., (2017), United States66
|
To identify the importance of positive and negative contributors to living with chronic pain after SCI. |
Mixed Methods |
Cross-sectional survey |
526 |
| Heutink et al., (2014), Netherlands67
|
To investigate the long-term outcomes of CONECSI, a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral treatment program in persons with SCI. |
Quantitative |
Before after intervention |
29 |
| Widerstrom-Noga et al., (2016), United States68
|
To define neuropathic pain phenotypes in persons with SCI, relationships between thermal pain sensitivity, overall neuropathic pain symptom severity, and pain coping strategies. |
Quantitative |
Longitudinal |
119 |
| Norrbrink and Löfgren, (2016), Sweden69
|
To explore patients’ and physicians’ needs and requests for improving the management of neuropathic pain following SCI. |
Qualitative |
Interview |
16 |
| Taylor et al., (2012), United Kingdom70
|
To determine the temporal relationship between pain-related coping strategies and psychosocial factors during the subacute phase of SCI. |
Quantitative |
Longitudinal |
26 |
| Norrbrink Budh and Lundeberg, (2004), Sweden71
|
To assess which non-pharmacological treatments patients with SCI have tried or are using to relieve pain and evaluate their effectiveness from the patient’s perspective. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
90 |
| Wilson, (2008), United States72
|
To identify the association between pain intensity and depressive outcome among persons with SCI. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
60 |
| Dorstyn et al., (2010), Australia73
|
To examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on the psychological adjustment of patients in rehabilitation for newly acquired SCI. |
Quantitative |
Non-randomized controlled trial |
24 |
| Molton et al., (2009), United States74
|
To replicate and expand on previous work demonstrating associations between specific pain-related beliefs, coping, mental health, and pain outcomes in persons with SCI. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
130 |
| Radwanski, (1992), United States75
|
To identify reasons for the use of drugs and alcohol by people with chronic pain following SCI and to describe interventions that can be used when treating a patient with SCI who uses drugs and/ or alcohol. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
16 |
| McCasland et al., (2006), United States76
|
To examine the prevalence of shoulder pain and functional impairment in patients with TSCI and to identify factors associated with shoulder pain and dysfunction. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
63 |
| Wollaars et al., (2007), Netherlands77
|
To examine chronic pain prevalence in individuals with SCI and to determine the influence of psychological factors have on SCI pain and the impact on quality of life. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
279 |
| Phillips et al., (2001), United States78
|
To present preliminary results on health-related outcomes of a randomized trial of telehealth interventions in people with SCI. |
Mixed Methods |
Randomized controlled trial, interview |
111 |
| Heutink et al., (2012), Netherlands79
|
To evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
61 |
| Norrbrink, (2009), Sweden80
|
To assess the short-term effects of high- and low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain following SCI. |
Quantitative |
Cross-over study |
24 |
| Cardenas and Jensen, (2006), United States81
|
To determine the degree and duration of pain relief provided by specific chronic pain treatments used by individuals with SCI. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
117 |
| Widerstrom–Noga and Turk, (2003), United States82
|
To identify the types of pain treatments used after SCI and determine the role that pain characteristics and psychosocial and behavioral factors play in the use of prescription or non-prescription treatments. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
120 |
| Dalyan et al., (1999), United States83
|
To determine the frequency and severity of upper extremity pain and to identify types of treatments that SCI patients received for UE pain and the benefits of these treatments. |
Quantitative |
Cross-sectional survey |
130 |
| Martin Ginis et al., (2003), Canada84
|
To assess exercise as a strategy for reducing pain and improving subjective well-being in people with SCI. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
30 |
| Heutink et al., (2013), Netherlands85
|
To determine associations of pain coping strategies and cognitions with pain intensity and pain-related disability. |
Quantitative |
Randomized controlled trial |
47 |
