Table 1:

Genes reported related to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Gene symbol	Finding	Citations
ABAT, ALDH5A1	Valproic acid, an inhibitor of ABAT and ALDH5A1, is being used in Phase IV clinical trials to create lorazepam and valproate drugs for the prevention of alcohol use disorder	[89]
CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2	Pregabalin, a binder of human CACNA2D1 and CNA2D2 proteins, is in Phase III as a treatment for AUD	[90]
GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRA4, GABRA5	Pregnenolone, an inhibitor of human GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRA4, and GABRA5 proteins, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcohol use disorder	[91]
	Diazepam, a modulator of human GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRA4, and GABRA5 proteins, is in Phase IV with baclofen as a treatment for alcohol use disorder	[92]
	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRA4, and GABRA5 proteins, is in Phase IV with valproate [valproic acid] to prevent alcohol use disorder	[93–94]
	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRA4, and GABRA5 proteins, is in Phase IV with carbamazepine as a treatment for alcoholism	[94–95]
GABRB2	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRB2 proteins, is in Phase IV with valproate [valproic acid] to prevent alcohol use disorder	[93–94]
	Midazolam, a modulator of human GABRB2 proteins, is in Phase IV as supportive care for alcoholism	[96]
	Propofol, a modulator of human GABRB2 protein, is in Phase IV as supportive care for alcoholism	[96]
GABRG1, GABRG2	Chlordiazepoxide, a modulator of human GABRG1 and GABRG2 proteins, is in Phase III as a treatment for alcoholism	[97]
	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRE, GABRG1, GABRG2, GABRG3, and GABRP proteins, is in Phase IV with valproate [valproic acid] to prevent alcohol use disorder	[93–94]
	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRG1 and GABRG2 proteins, is in Phase IV with carbamazepine as a treatment for alcoholism	[94–95]
	Midazolam, a modulator of human GABRG1 and GABRG2, proteins, is in Phase IV as supportive care for alcoholism	[96]
GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRE, GABRG3, GABRP	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRE, GABRG1, GABRG2, GABRG3, and GABRP proteins, is in Phase IV with valproate [valproic acid] to prevent alcohol use disorder	[93–94]
	Lorazepam, a modulator of human GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRE, GABRG1, GABRG2, GABRG3, and GABRP proteins, is in Phase IV with carbamazepine as a treatment for alcoholism	[94–95]
	Midazolam, a modulator of human GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRE, GABRG1, GABRG2, GABRG3, and GABRP proteins, is in Phase IV as supportive care for alcoholism	[96]
GAD2	Valproic acid, an inhibitor of human GAD2 protein, is in Phase II/III as a treatment for alcoholism	[98]
GRIN1, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A, GRIN3B	Memantine, an antagonist of human GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A, GRIN3B proteins, is a potential treatment for alcoholism	[99]
OPRD1, OPRM1, OPRK1, SIGMAR1	Naltrexone, an antagonist of human OPRD1, OPRM1, OPRK1, and SIGMAR1 protein, is in Phase III as a component of a treatment for AUD and alcohol abuse	[100]
	Naltrexone, an antagonist of human OPRD1, OPRM1, OPRK1, and SIGMAR1 proteins, has been approved as a treatment for alcoholism	[94, 101]
SLC6A2, SLC6A3	Methylphenidate, an inhibitor of human SLC6A2 and SLC6A3 proteins, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcoholism	[102]
	Bupropion, an inhibitor of human SLC6A2 and SLC6A3 proteins, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcoholism	[103]
SLC6A4	Bupropion, an inhibitor of human SLC6A4 protein, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcoholism	[103]
	Mutant human SERT [SLC6A4] gene (unspecified DNA mutation) is associated with alcoholism	[104]
	Sertraline, an inhibitor of human SLC6A4 protein, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcoholism	[105–106]
	Escitalopram, an inhibitor of human SLC6A4 protein, is in Phase IV with Ebixa [memantine] as a treatment for alcoholism	[107]