Table 2:

Genes reported related to alcohol abuse.

Gene symbol	Finding	Citations
ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A,	Quetiapine and risperidone, both inhibitors of ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, and ADRA2A proteins in humans, are being use in Phase IV clinical trials for the treatment of alcohol abuse	[108–110]
	Aripiprazole, an inhibitor of ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, and ADRA2A proteins in humans, is being use in a Phase III clinical trial for alcohol abuse treatment	[111]
ADRA2B, ADRA2C	Quetiapine and risperidone, both inhibitors of ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, and ADRA2C proteins in humans, are being used in Phase IV clinical trials for the treatment of alcohol abuse	[108–110]
CA1, CA3, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA9	Topiramate, an inhibitor of human CA1 protein, is in Phase IV as a part of the combination drug quetiapine and topiramate as a treatment for alcohol abuse. It also is being used alone in a Phase IV clinical trial as treatment for alcohol dependence	[110, 112–113]
CA2, CA4	Trokendi XR [topiramate], an inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II [CA2] protein, is in Phase IV as a part of the combination drug quetiapine and topiramate as a treatment for alcohol abuse and alcohol use disorder	[110,113]
DRD1	Quetiapine, an antagonist of human DRD1 protein, is in Phase IV in combination with topiramate as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[113]
	SEROQUEL [quetiapine], a blocker of human DRD1 protein, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[114]
DRD2	SEROQUEL XR [quetiapine], a blocker of DRD2 protein, is in Phase IV in combination with topiramate as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[113]
	Quetiapine fumarate [quetiapine], an antagonist of human DRD2 protein, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[108]
	Risperidone, an antagonist of human DRD2 protein, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[109]
	Aripiprazole, an agonist of DRD2 protein, is in Phase III as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[111]
DRD3, DRD4	Aripiprazole, an agonist of DRD3, DRD4 proteins, is in Phase III as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[111]
GABRA 1	Topiramate, a modulator of human GABRA1 protein, is in Phase IV as treatment for alcohol abuse	[114]
	Acamprosate, a modulator of human GABRA1 protein, is in Phase IV as a part of the combination drug acamprosate and escitalopram as components of a treatment for alcohol abuse	[113]
GRIN1, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A, GRIN3B	Ketamine, an antagonist of human GRIN1, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A, and GRIN3B proteins, is in Phase III as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[115]
HRH1, HTR2, HTR2B, HTR2C	Risperidone and quetiapine, antagonists of human HRH1, HTR2, HTR2B, and HTR2C proteins, is in Phase IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[94, 108–109]
HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C	Quetiapine, an antagonist of human HTR1A, HTR2A, and HTR2C proteins, is in Phase III/IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[94, 111]
	Aripiprazole, an antagonist of human HTR1A, HTR2A, and HTR2C proteins, is in Phase III/IV as a treatment for alcohol abuse	[111]
OPRD1, OPRM1, OPRK1, SIGMAR1	Naltrexone, an antagonist of human OPRD1, OPRM1, OPRK1, and SIGMAR1 proteins, is in Phase III as a component of a treatment for alcohol abuse	[100–101]