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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Drug Alcohol Res. 2019 Oct 18;2019:236084.

Table 4:

Genes reported related to Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).

Gene symbol Finding Citations
ADRA2A Lofexidine and dexmedetomidine, agonists of human ADRA2A protein, are in Phase III as treatments for opioid-related disorders. Lofexidine is especially used in research on opiate dependence treatment [128]
ADRA2B, ADRA2C Dexmedetomidine, an agonist of human ADRA2B and ADRA2C proteins, is in Phase III as a treatment for opioid-related disorders [129]
CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA7, CA9 Acetazolamide, an inhibitor of human CA1, CA2, and CA3 proteins, is in Phase IV to prevent opioid-related disorders [130]
SLC6A2, SLC6A4 Tramadol, an inhibitor of human SLC6A2 protein, is in Phase III as a treatment for opioid-related disorders [131]