Fig 2. Mean water and sugar syrup consumptions during the (a) 6-hour and (b) 10-day contact exposure experiments when treatment group of honey bees were exposed to Transform^® (active ingredient sulfoxaflor) and Sivanto^™ (active ingredient flupyradifurone).

The control group was only sprayed with water in the Potter Tower. Error bars indicate SEM. Different alphabets indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05, as analyzed by Tukey’s Post Hoc tests. * indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05.