Table 4. Predictors of COVID-19 preventive measures, JUMC visitors, Jimma, March 2020 (n = 247).
| Factor variables | Handwashing with soap & water | Stopped shaking hands | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic | COR (95% CI) | AOR | COR | AOR |
| Age groups | ||||
| < = 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20–29 | 1.00 (0.26,3.80) | 0.78(0.14,4.25) | 2.34(0.92,5.94) | 1.54(0.45,5.22) |
| 30–39 | 2.24(0.60,8.54) | 0.29(0.04,2.21) | 1.58(0.60,4.22) | 1.16(0.25,5.29) |
| 40–49 | 0.16(0.04,0.63)* | 0.09(0.01,0.74)* | 1.03(0.35,3.03) | 1.90(0.30,12.32) |
| > = 50 | 1.73(0.30,10.10) | 0.42(0.04,4.38) | 1.44(0.38,5.57) | 1.61(0.75,3.44) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.02(0.50,2.01) | 0.76(0.27,2.12) | 1.88(1.02,3.47* | 1.61(0.75,3.44) |
| Educational status | ||||
| Neither read nor write | 0.26(0.10,0.67)* | 0.28(0.04,1.76) | 0.26(0.12,0.57)* | 0.64 (0.16,2.55) |
| Read and write | 0.35(0.11,1.18) | 0.33(0.04,2.66) | 0.91(0.31,2.62) | 2.55(0.50,13.10) |
| Primary school | 0.45(0.17,1.20) | 0.34(0.07,1.60) | 0.42(0.20,0.90)* | 0.79(0.25,2.49) |
| Secondary school | 0.79(0.29,2.15) | 0.35(0.09,1.50) | 0.72(0.35,1.51) | 0.81(0.30,2.19) |
| College and above | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Religious affiliation | ||||
| Muslim | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Orthodox | 1.59(0.73,3.46) | 0.70(0.26,1.95) | 1.77(0.95,3.31) | 1.03(0.47,2.23) |
| Protestant | 1.34(0.57,3.16) | 1.12(0.32,4.00) | 2.29(1.10,4.80)* | 2.02(0.78,5.20) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married | 029(0.14,0.61)* | 0.44(0.13,1.45) | 0.66(0.39,1.11) | 0.70(0.28.1.75) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Farmer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Student | 3.12(1.33,7.31)* | 0.30(0.05,1.75) | 1.89(0.99,3.60) | 1.15(0.34,3.89) |
| Unemployed | 0.73(0.32,1.66) | 0.28(0.08,0.97)* | 1.34(0.61,2.92) | 1.60(0.57,4.46) |
| Private employed | 2.02(0.62,6.61) | 1.08(0.18,6.34) | 4.20(1.49,11.8* | 5.70(1.42,22.7)* |
| Gov’t employed | 1.99(0.73,5.45) | 0.34(0.05,2.25) | 4.12(1.70,10.0)* | 2.68(1.01,7.12)* |
| Knowledge (yes) | ||||
| Knew main clin.symptom | 3.75(1.86,7.59)* | 3.30(1.03,19.54)* | 2.77(1.38,5.57)* | 1.62(0.5,4.99) |
| Differentiated COVID-19 from symptoms of flu | 2.38(1.20,4.72)* | 1.64(0.58,4.59) | 2.17(1.28,3.70)* | 1.29(0.51,3.24) |
| Knew high risk group | 2.04(1.10,3.83)* | 1.10(0.38,3.18) | 1.72(0.98,3.01) | 0.75(0.2,2.03) |
| Early supportive treatments increase recovery | 2.70(1.44,5.04) * | 1.23(0.45,3.41) | 2.50(1.41,4.42)* | 1.75(0.66,4.66) |
| COVID-19 spreads via respiratory droplets | 3.70(1.14,11.97)* | 1.72(0.30,9.92) | 2.43(0.71,8.31) | 1.59(0.28,9.05) |
| Eating or contact with animals spreads COVID-19 | 1.93(1.10,3.54)* | 1.11(0.44,2.79) | 1.94(1.17,3.22)* | 2.73(1.27,5.88)* |
| Proper hand washing prevents COVID-19 | 4.46(1.31,15.23)* | 2.05(0.30,13.97) | 3.27(0.85,12.63) | 1.49(0.19,11.94) |
| Wearing mask prevent infection by COVID-19 | 1.76(0.78,4.00) | 0.96(0.30,3.21) | 3.30(1.45,7.49)* | 2.88(1.04,8.00)* |
| Avoiding crowed place prevents COVID-19 | 4.95(2.10,11.80)* | 3.80(1.08,13.34)* | 1.7(0.73,4.04) | 1.07(0.28,4.11) |
| Isolation of infected people prevents COVID-19 | 2.70(1.27,5.75)* | 1.52(0.47,4.96) | 0.98(0.48,2.00) | 0.64(0.20,2.01) |
| Immediate contact isolation prevents COVID-19 | 4.00(1.83,8.75)* | 3.89(1.24,12.17)* | 1.28(0.60,2.73) | 1.03(0.34,3.12) |
| MDK status | ||||
| Less | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate | 2.01(0.94.4.31) | 1.98(0.82,4.82) | 2.12(1.00,4.48)* | 1.86(0.82,4.25) |
| High | 4.66(2.00,10.87)* | 3.48(1.34,9.09) * | 3.67(1.72,7.84)* | 2.45(1.06,5.65) * |
| Attitude & efficacy (yes) | ||||
| Self-efficacy to control COVID-19 | 3.54(1.90,6.57)* | 1.58(0.45,5.61) | 2.83(1.62,4.94)* | 3.89(1.44,10.50)* |
| Collective efficacy to control COVID-19 | 2.85(1.55,5.26)* | 2.99(0.83,10.72) | 1.75(1.03,2.98)* | 0.78(0.30,2.05) |
R-square (R2) = 38.7% and 32.9% for hand washing and not-shaking hands,
*significant at p<0.05,
COR: crude odds ratio, AOR: adjusted odds ratio