TABLE 4.
Multivariate Logistic Model of HIV Testing Prevalence for the Total Population and by Gender, NHANES, 2003–2010
| Variable | Total Population | Males | Females | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | P | aOR | 95% CI | P | aOR | 95% CI | P | |
| Survey cycle | |||||||||
| NHANES 2003–3006 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| NHANES 2007–2010* | 1.14 | 1.03 to 1.27 | <0.05 | 1.33 | 1.14 to 1.56 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.87 to 1.18 | NS |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 0.57 | 0.51 to 0.64 | <0.001 | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Female | Ref | ||||||||
| Age, yr | |||||||||
| 18–19 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 20–29 | 2.30 | 1.82 to 2.91 | <0.001 | 2.01 | 1.35 to 2.99 | <0.001 | 2.52 | 1.85 to 3.42 | <0.001 |
| 30–39* | 3.65 | 2.88 to 4.62 | <0.001 | 2.88 | 2.01 to 4.12 | <0.001 | 4.26 | 3.14 to 5.78 | <0.001 |
| 40–49 | 2.31 | 1.86 to 2.86 | <0.001 | 2.24 | 1.55 to 3.23 | <0.001 | 2.20 | 1.60 to 3.02 | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 1.30 | 1.03 to 1.65 | <0.05 | 1.28 | 0.89 to 1.85 | NS | 1.20 | 0.87 to 1.66 | NS |
| Race/Hispanic Origin | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 2.09 | 1.80 to 2.42 | <0.001 | 2.08 | 1.71 to 2.53 | <0.001 | 2.08 | 1.76 to 2.47 | <0.001 |
| Mexican American* | 0.99 | 0.88 to 1.12 | NS | 0.86 | 0.71 to 1.05 | NS | 1.11 | 0.94 to 1.32 | NS |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than high school diploma or GED | 0.83 | 0.69 to 1.00 | NS | 0.76 | 0.59 to 0.96 | <0.05 | 0.90 | 0.72 to 1.14 | NS |
| High school diploma or GED | 0.79 | 0.69 to 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.81 | 0.69 to 0.95 | <0.01 | 0.77 | 0.63 to 0.95 | <0.05 |
| Above high school diploma or GED | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| PIR | |||||||||
| Below PIR | 1.28 | 1.10 to 1.49 | <0.01 | 1.23 | 1.01 to 1.51 | <0.05 | 1.30 | 1.05 to 1.62 | <0.05 |
| At or above PIR | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Received health care in the past 12 months? | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.34 | 1.17 to 1.54 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 1.05 to 1.53 | <0.05 | 1.36 | 1.07 to 1.74 | <0.05 |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| History of US military service | |||||||||
| Yes | 3.22 | 2.63 to 3.94 | <0.001 | 3.34 | 2.71 to 4.13 | <0.001 | 2.04 | 1.13 to 3.68 | <0.05 |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| History of injection or illicit drug use | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.28 | 1.12 to 1.46 | <0.001 | 1.37 | 1.15 to 1.63 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 0.98 to 1.50 | NS |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| History of sexually transmitted infections?† | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.70 | 1.35 to 2.13 | <0.001 | 1.66 | 1.14 to 2.42 | <0.01 | 1.74 | 1.33 to 2.26 | <0.001 |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | |||||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 1* | 1.56 | 1.20 to 2.02 | <0.01 | 0.99 | 0.64 to 1.51 | NS | 2.82 | 1.89 to 4.21 | <0.001 |
| 2–4* | 2.04 | 1.58 to 2.63 | <0.001 | 1.31 | 0.92 to 1.88 | NS | 3.79 | 2.49 to 5.76 | <0.001 |
| 5–9* | 2.95 | 2.31 to 3.76 | <0.001 | 1.84 | 1.35 to 2.52 | <0.001 | 5.80 | 3.92 to 8.59 | <0.001 |
| ≥10* | 4.45 | 3.47 to 5.71 | <0.001 | 3.17 | 2.32 to 4.32 | <0.001 | 7.64 | 5.10 to 11.44 | <0.001 |
| Non-heterosexual sexual identity‡ | |||||||||
| Yes* | 2.03 | 1.58 to 2.60 | <0.001 | 3.97 | 2.88 to 5.47 | <0.001 | 1.30 | 1.00 to 1.68 | NS |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
*
Association of subgroup with outcome significantly (P < 0.05) interacted with gender.
†
Includes a history of chlamydia or gonorrhea in the past 12 months or a history of ever having genital herpes or genital warts.
‡
Includes whether respondents thought of themselves as either non-heterosexual (homosexual, gay, bisexual, something else or not sure) or heterosexual. GED, General Educational Development; N/A, not applicable; NS, not significant; Ref, reference; PIR, Poverty Index Ratio.