Table 2.
Clinical parameters of the 4 groups of subjects
| Parameters | NTN | HTN | MetS | CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 15 | 16 | 15 | 16 |
| Body weight (kg) | 78 ± 18 | 76 ± 9 | 89 ± 17* ,† | 83 ± 17 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 3 | 32 ± 4* ,† | 29 ± 5 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91 ± 12 | 91 ± 9 | 106 ± 12* ,† | 101 ± 14 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 113 ± 10 | 121 ± 15** | 129 ± 14** | 126 ± 18** |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 73 ± 7 | 78 ± 10 | 79 ± 8 | 76 ± 7 |
| Mean BP (mm Hg) | 87 ± 7 | 93 ± 11** | 96 ± 8** | 93 ± 9** |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 39 ± 6 | 42 ± 11* | 50 ± 14* | 50 ± 17* |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 64 ± 7 | 66 ± 12 | 66 ± 14 | 64 ± 12 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 0.8 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4* | 1.4 ± 0.3* |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 1.4* ,† | 5.0 ± 0.8‡ |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.9* ,† | 5.5 ± 0.5‡ |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) | 69 ± 10 | 76 ± 15 | 74 ± 12 | 144 ± 38** ,††,‡‡ |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 99 ± 12 | 87 ± 11 | 92 ± 17 | 45 ± 11** ,††,‡‡ |
| UACR (mg/mmol) | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 7.3 | 7.8 ± 18.4 | 21.5 ± 32.3** ,† |
Clinical parameters were evaluated in normotensive subjects (NTN), and patients with hypertension (HTN) associated or not with other features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at visit 1. Data are shown as means ± SD for continuous variable. Comparisons between multiple groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc test or in absence of normal distribution, a Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparison test, as appropriate. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.001 vs. NTN, †P < 0.05 and ††P < 0.001 vs. HTN, ‡P < 0.05 and ‡‡P < 0.001 vs. MetS. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; UACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.