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. 2020 Apr 30;143(5):1603–1612. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa100

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© The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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The influence of DBS on effective connectivity between the amygdala, insula, vmPFC, and NAc. (A) A graph model showing the fully connected model with four regions, the vmPFC, insula, amygdala, and NAc. In a fully connected model, each region is reciprocally connected and each region has a self-inhibitory connection. (B) The connection from vmPFC to the amygdala is higher when the DBS is on and is higher than in controls. (C) The connection from amygdala to insula reverses direction from inhibitory influence to excitatory when DBS is turned off. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001.