Table 1.

SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 and Hepatitis B and C

Authors	Infection	Study Characteristics	Observations	Unique Considerations
Chen et al. 10	HBV	Retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in a single center in Wuhan, China	12.2% (15/123) of patients were HBV infected A higher percentage with comorbid HBV developed a severe outcome (46.7% versus 24.1%) Total bilirubin level was higher in patients with comorbid HBV Patients with comorbid HBV had a higher mortality rate (13.3% versus 2.8%)	Heterogeneous data on the prevalence of HBV infection in COVID‐19 and on the interaction between HBV and COVID‐19 Risk for HBV reactivation with some experimental COVID‐19 therapies (tocilizumab, corticosteroids) Some investigational COVID‐19 medications may be contraindicated in HBV‐infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Zha et al. 11		Observational study investigating the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in China	6.5% (2/31) of patients were HBV infected Association found between HBV infection and prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance
Richardson et al. 8		Case series of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in 12 hospitals in the New York City metro area	0.1% (8/5700) of patients were HBV infected
Guan et al. 9		Retrospective multicenter analysis of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in China	2.1% (23/1099) of patients were HBV infected HBV‐infected individuals represented 2.4% of nonsevere cases and 0.6% of severe cases
Richardson et al. 8	HCV	Case series of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in 12 hospitals in the New York City metro area	<0.1% (3/5700) of patients were HCV infected	Low incidence of HCV in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 No studies to date have reported the effect of HCV on COVID‐19 outcomes Some investigational COVID‐19 medications may be contraindicated in patients with HCV‐related decompensated cirrhosis
Blanco et al. 12	HIV	Clinical case series of 5 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in a single center in Spain	0.92% of patients were HIV infected 0 died, 2 were admitted to the ICU (1 remained in the ICU at publication) ART regimens adapted to protease inhibitor in all patients	Low incidence of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and HIV ART may need to be adapted Although no studies have investigated COVID‐19 in PWIDs, that population has risk factors for severe disease course, including weaker immune system, cardiac pathology, and renal insufficiency Heterogeneous data on time to antibody response and time to clinical improvement
Zhu et al. 13		Case study in China in a HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infected patient	Comorbid diabetes and heavy smoker Antibody/antigen test gave positive HIV results (no previous ART)
Chen et al. 15		Case study in China in a patient co‐infected with HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2	Nonsevere COVID‐19 pneumonia Had ongoing ART HIV treatment (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) After COVID‐19 diagnosis, given lopinavir/ritonavir Shortened disease course and quick resolution of pulmonary lesions
Aydin et al. 14		Case series of 4 patients co‐infected with HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 in Turkey	In limited cases, study highlighted that COVID‐19 infection improved in cases using regular ART with viral suppression One patient died of sudden cardiac arrest Resolution of radiological findings and time to antibody formation were similar to HIV‐uninfected patients with COVID‐19
Zhao et al. 16	HCV+HIV	Case study in China of HIV/HCV co‐infected patient with COVID‐19	Negative SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA test and delayed antibody response Was taking anti‐HIV ART