Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics
| Total cohort (n = 100) | NEF-HG AS (n = 40) | LEF-HG AS (n = 14) | LEF-LG AS (n = 26) | PLF-LG AS (n = 16) | P (comparison of all groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78 ± 7 | 78 ± 7 | 78 ± 9 | 79 ± 6 | 81 ± 5 | 0.37 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 35 | 15 (38) | 5 (36) | 5 (19)d | 9 (56)c | 0.11 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 70 | 26 (65) | 9 (64) | 20 (77) | 11 (69) | 0.75 |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 22 | 3 (8)c | 2 (14)c | 12 (46)a , b | 3 (19) | 0.002 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 36 | 11 (28)c | 2 (14)c , d | 14 (54)a , b | 8 (50)b | 0.03 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 11 | 4 (10) | 1 (7) | 4 (15) | 1 (6) | 0.76 |
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 15 | 0b , c | 3 (21)a | 12 (46)a , d | 0c | <0.001 |
| Dilative cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (8) | 0 | 0.14 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 43 | 16 (40) | 5 (36) | 10 (38) | 11 (69) | 0.18 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 27 | 11 (28) | 3 (21) | 9 (35) | 2 (13) | 0.44 |
| Prior cerebral ischaemia event, n (%) | 19 | 8 (20) | 1 (7) | 6 (23) | 4 (25) | 0.60 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 21 | 6 (15) | 1 (7) | 9 (35) | 5 (31) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 45 | 18 (45) | 3 (21)a | 14 (54)b | 8 (50) | 0.48 |
| CKD (GFR <60 mL/min), n (%) | 54 | 19 (48) | 6 (43) | 15 (58) | 12 (75) | 0.22 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23 ± 0.7 | 1.26 ± 1.0 | 1.09 ± 0.3 | 1.27 ± 0.4 | 1.27 ± 0.9 | 0.90 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 4901 ± 9444 | 2206 ± 3411b , c | 10 061 ± 11 082a , d | 8228 ± 14 712a | 2117 ± 1185b | <0.0001 |
| MLHFQ (points) | 38 ± 18 | 34 ± 19d | 42 ± 17 | 40 ± 14 | 46 ± 15a | 0.09 |
| 6mwt distance (m) | 213 ± 121 | 252 ± 95b , c , d | 169 ± 147a | 186 ± 117a | 168 ± 125a | 0.03 |
Two group comparisons: t-test for continuous variables and the Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Comparison of all four groups: one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables.
6mwt, 6-min walking test; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart failure Quality of Life Questionnaire; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
P-value of <0.05 vs. NEF-HG AS.
b
P-value of <0.05 vs. LEF-HG AS.
c
P-value of <0.05 vs. LEF-LG AS.
d
P-value of <0.05 vs. PLF-LG AS.