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DNA fragmentation in wild-type and βvpe anthers. Anthers of the five developmental stages in the wild type (A–E) and the βvpe mutant (CS_1007412) (F–J) were compared for nuclear DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL assay. The green fluorescence (520 nm) is TUNEL-positive staining of nuclei (arrowheads). (A) and (F), stage 10; (B) and (G), early stage 11; (C) and (H), late stage 11; (D) and (I), stage 12; (E) and (J), stage 13. P, pollen; T, tapetum. Scale bars=20 μm.
