Table 3.

Comparison of healthcare utilization and costs according to patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics

Subgroups	Pre-PP period	Post-PP period	t	p value
Outpatient costs (USD) (n = 1,272)
Number of pre-outpatient days
Low (≤ 199 days)	1,037.12 ± 1,207.30	2,788.28 ± 1,157.05	−26.89	< 0.0001
High (> 199 days)	1,903.81 ± 1,343.97	3,184.68 ± 1,237.98	−22.88	< 0.0001
Sex
Male	1,567.57 ± 1,438.41	3,098.97 ± 1,271.08	−23.60	< 0.0001
Female	1,456.17 ± 1,281.25	2,926.40 ± 1,168.24	−25.55	< 0.0001
Age (yr)
Age ≤ 45	1,487.18 ± 1,300.28	2,975.47 ± 1,323.56	−25.36	< 0.0001
45 < age ≤ 65	1,526.26 ± 1,413.42	3,033.78 ± 1,080.02	−23.79	< 0.0001
Admission costs (USD) (n = 423)
Number of pre-outpatient days
Low (≤ 183 days)	3,740.52 ± 3,910.78	1,175.91 ± 2,977.41	8.04	< 0.001
High (> 183 days)	2,117.99 ± 2,977.48	2,381.50 ± 4,169.98	−0.71	0.482
Sex
Male	3,144.08 ± 4,000.03	1,871.87 ± 3,552.86	3.15	0.002
Female	2,840.23 ± 3,250.69	1,657.60 ± 3,707.27	3.64	< 0.001
Age (yr)
Age ≤ 45	2,817.43 ± 3,623.19	1,999.03 ± 3,966.86	2.37	0.019
45 < age ≤ 65	3,174.87 ± 3,538.08	1,410.94 ± 3,123.49	4.81	< 0.0001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

PP, paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection; Pre-PP, the 1-year period before the initiation of PP; Post-PP, the 1-year period after the initiation of PP; USD, United States dollar.