Table 2.
Results from Multilevel Modeling for All Outcome Variables.
| Treatment effect on outcome from pretreatment to 6-month follow-up (treatment by time interaction term) | Treatment effect on outcome from posttreatment to 6-month follow-up (treatment by time interaction term) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | SE | p | B-H critical value | Coef. | SE | p | B-H critical value | |
| Sleep and Circadian Outcomes | ||||||||
| TST weeknights* | −0.75 | 11.62 | 0.95 | 0.15 | −13.73 | 11.83 | 0.25 | 0.08 |
| BT weeknights* | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
| CMEP* | 1.84 | 0.67 | 0.006 | 0.02 | −0.16 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.13 |
| TST weeknight-weekend discrepancy | 18.30 | 23.47 | 0.44 | 0.10 | −29.73 | 24.00 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
| BT weeknight-weekend discrepancy | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.07 |
| WUP weeknight-weekend discrepancy | 0.72 | 0.29 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.95 | 0.15 |
| Sleepiness | −1.08 | 0.73 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.10 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | −1.09 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.49 | 0.84 | 0.14 |
| CBCL Sleep Composite | −0.06 | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.019 | 0.01 |
| Youth Self-Report Composite Risk Score* | ||||||||
| Emotional health: | ||||||||
| Children’s Depression Rating Scale | −1.22 | 1.36 | 0.37 | −0.68 | 1.38 | 0.64 | ||
| Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children | 1.41 | 2.18 | 0.52 | 2.29 | 2.20 | 0.30 | ||
| Composite* | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.82 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 0.15 |
| Cognitive health: | ||||||||
| Attention Control Scale | −1.31 | 1.17 | 0.26 | −2.59 | 1.20 | 0.03 | ||
| YSAS (school/cognitive) | −0.27 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.67 | ||
| Composite* | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.92 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.06 |
| Behavioral health: | ||||||||
| Sensation Seeking Scale | −0.26 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 0.72 | 0.61 | ||
| Alcohol and Substance Use | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.42 | ||
| Composite* | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.83 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.11 |
| Social health: | ||||||||
| YSAS: Friends | 0.39 | 0.69 | 0.57 | 1.19 | 0.70 | 0.09 | ||
| YSAS: Family | 0.85 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.17 | ||
| YSAS: Romantic | 0.12 | 0.40 | 0.77 | −0.02 | 0.40 | 0.96 | ||
| Composite* | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| Physical health: | ||||||||
| Modifiable Activity Questionnaire | 4.97 | 5.85 | 0.40 | 5.19 | 5.99 | 0.39 | ||
| Physical Health Questionnaire | −0.09 | 0.69 | 0.89 | −0.26 | 0.68 | 0.72 | ||
| Composite* | −0.13 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.08 | −0.13 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.09 |
| Parent-Reported Composite Risk Score | ||||||||
| Emotional Health | ||||||||
| Anxious/Depressed | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.27 | ||
| Withdrawn/Depressed | −0.04 | 0.37 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.92 | ||
| Composite | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.57 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.11 |
| Cognitive Health | ||||||||
| Thought problems | −0.23 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 0.79 | 0.35 | 0.02 | ||
| Attention problems | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.98 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.40 | ||
| Composite | −0.04 | 0.10 | 0.67 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.053 | 0.04 |
| Behavioral Health | ||||||||
| Rule-Breaking Behavior | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 1.01 | 0.32 | 0.00 | ||
| Aggressive Behavior | 0.93 | 0.49 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.49 | ||
| Composite | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.023 | 0.03 |
| Social Health | ||||||||
| Social Problems | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.58 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.26 | ||
| Composite | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.58 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.08 |
| Physical Health | ||||||||
| Somatic Complaints | −0.34 | 0.38 | 0.37 | −0.10 | 0.38 | 0.81 | ||
| Composite | −0.13 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.14 | 0.81 | 0.12 |
Note.
*
and bold indicate primary outcomes of the trial. B-H = Benjamin-Hochberg procedure. The p-values in bold remain significant after the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (< B-H critical value). All models adjusted for age and sex. TST = total sleep time; BT = bedtime. WUP = wakeup time. Sleepiness = Sleepiness subscale from School Sleep Habits Survey. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist (parent-report). CMEP = Children’s Morningness–Eveningness Preferences. YSAS = Youth Social Adjustment Scale.