Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

Men and women 50–85 years old

Ability to walk for six minutes

Diabetic group: Diagnosis and treatment for T2DM with non-insulin oral or injectable agents or diet

Control group: Fasting plasma glucose <126 mg/dL and HbA1c <6.5%

Exclusion criteria

Insulin use

Insulin allergy

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

History of severe hypoglycemia

Dementia

MMSE scores ≤20

Liver failure or transplant

Renal failure or transplant

Serious systemic disease that would interfere with conduction of the trial

Acute medical condition that required hospitalization or surgery within the past 6 months (e.g., malignancies, myocardial infarction, stroke)

Abbreviations: T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; HbA1c: Hemoglobin-A1c; MMSE Mini Mental State Examination