. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2020 Apr 25;49(6):1162–1178. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01237-7

Table 5.

Hypothesized outcomes of positive and negative risk taking

IV	DV	B	SE (B)	β	R²	W
PRT	Grit	−.031	.157	−.015	.052	2.27
NRT		−.268	.146	−.132	.067*
PRT	Internalizing Symptoms	−.54	2.11	−.018	.206^***	0.941
NRT		1.507	1.972	.051	.208^***
PRT	School Engagement	.697^**	.235	.226	.105*	35.73^***
NRT		−.706^**	.218	−.23	.112^**

Note. Separate analyses were conducted for positive risk taking (PRT) and negative risk taking (NRT) as dependent variables (DV) and for each independent variable (IV). W represents the coefficient for the Wald Test of Parameter Constraints. Significant W coefficients indicate a significant difference between the unstandardized beta coefficients for positive and negative risk taking. Each analysis controlled for parent education, intellectual functioning, age, gender, and race.

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001