Table 4.

Changes in anthropomorphic variables and markers of metabolic health after two weeks of consuming the additive enhanced (experimental) diet.

	Baseline	+7 days	+14 days	P value*
Anthropomorphic Variables
Weight (lbs)	166.1 ± 30.6	165.2 ± 30.4	164.7 ± 29.9†	0.002
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	119 ± 13	113 ± 22	114 ± 12	0.10
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	66 ± 10	66 ± 10	65 ± 10	0.55
Markers of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	79.7 ± 6.2	80.5 ± 6.2	79.3 ± 6.4	0.32
Fasting insulin (μU/L)	7.6 ± 3.1	8.9 ± 4.1†	6.7 ± 3.2	0.002
HOMA-IR	1.5 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.9†	1.3 ± 0.7	<0.001
Leptin (ng/ml)	9.7 (6.9, 13.7)	--	8.3 (5.8, 11.7)†	0.01
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	8.1 ± 3.9	--	7.7 ± 3.6	0.11
Inflammatory Cytokines
Interleukin 6 (pg/ml)	0.54 ± 0.23	--	0.61 ± 0.31	0.11
Interleukin 8 (pg/ml)	3.9 ± 1.9	--	4.4 ± 4.4	0.54
Tumor necrosis factor a (pg/ml)	1.7 ± 0.5	--	1.9 ± 0.9	0.18

HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance. Values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation or geometric mean (95 confidence interval).

^*P for time indicating the statistical significance of changes in outcome variables over time

^†P<0.05 when compared to baseline values