Table 4.

Associations of changes in physical activity and pubertal development with change in GPA.

	All			Boys			Girls
	β	95%CI	p	β	95%CI	p	β	95%CI	p
Physical activity
Age	0.039	−0.036 to 0.115	0.303	0.101	−0.012 to 0.214	0.080	0.012	−0.094 to 0.117	0.830
Sex	−0.223	−0.300 to −0.144	<0.001	−	−	−	−	−	−
MVPA at baseline	0.015	−0.070 to 0.100	0.732	−0.128	−0.256 to −0.001	0.048	0.089	−0.031 to 0.209	0.147
GPA at baseline	0.148	0.070 to 0.226	<0.001	0.262	0.148 to 0.377	<0.001	0.044	−0.062 to 0.149	0.417
Change in MVPA	0.028	−0.057 to 0.112	0.517	0.049	−0.077 to 0.175	0.448	0.087	−0.017 to 0.110	0.154
Pubertal development
Age	0.052	−0.026 to 0.129	0.273	0.094	−0.025 to 0.212	0.120	0.013	−0.095 to 0.121	0.814
Sex	−0.256	−0.348 to −0.164	<0.001	−	−	−	−	−	−
PDS at baseline	−0.048	−0.135 to 0.039	0.279	0.030	−0.094 to 0.154	0.637	−0.036	−0.167 to 0.096	0.593
GPA at baseline	0.152	0.075 to 0.230	<0.001	0.245	0.130 to 0.360	<0.001	0.057	−0.050 to 0.163	0.298
Change in PDS	−0.049	−0.132 to 0.033	0.244	−0.017	−0.139 to 0.106	0.789	−0.055	−0.183 to 0.073	0.398

Notes: Data are standardized regression coefficients, and their 95%CIs adjusted for age and sex. Age, sex, MVPA, or PDS at baseline, GPA at baseline, and change in MVPA, or PDS were first entered into the same model.

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; GPA = grade point average; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PDS = Pubertal Development Score.