Table 2.

Clinical trials (RCTs) for the evaluation of pharmacological adjuvant therapies of PVR

References	Agents	Dosage	Patients	Follow-up interval	Results
Ahmadieh et al. [86]	TA	Intravitreal injection of 4 mg TA at the end of PPV	75 patients with PVR Grade C	6 months	No significant difference in retina reattachment and postoperative visual acuity between groups
Yamakiri et al. [87]	TA	TA-assisted PPV (40 mg/5 mL solution)	774 patients	1 year	No significant difference in vision, postoperative complications and adverse events between groups
Banerjee et al. [88]	Slow-release dexamethasone	Injection of 0.7 mg slow-release dexamethasone during PPV and silicone oil removal	140 patients with PVR Grade C	2 years	Similar results in anatomic success but greater reduction in cystoid macular edema at 6 months
Asaria et al. [90]	5-FU and LMWH	200 μg/ml 5-FU 5 IU/ml LMWH	174 patients	6 months	A significant reduction in incidence of postoperative PVR and reoperation rate in the treatment group
Wickham et al. [91]	5-FU and LMWH	200 μg/ml 5-FU 5 IU/ml LMWH	641 RRD patients	6 months	No improvement in the anatomic or visual success rate between groups; worse visual acuity in patients with macula off detachment in the treatment group
Wiedemann et al. [95]	Daunorubicin	10 min infusion of 7.5 μg/ml daunorubicin in balance solution	286 patients with PVR Grade C	1 year	No significant difference in anatomic success rate between groups; fewer reoperations in the treatment group
Kumar et al. [96]	Daunorubicin	Intravitreal injection of 5 μg daunorubicin	30 patients with PVR Grade D	3 months	Increased reattachment rate and better visual acuity in the treatment group

5-FU 5-fluorouracil; LMWH low molecular weight heparin; PVR proliferative vitreoretinopathy; RRD rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; TA triamcinolone acetonide