Table 2. Tissue and fluid properties, pulse sequences and sequence parameters, and image features.

Tissue and fluid properties	Pulse sequences and sequence parameters	Image features
ρm	Spin echo (TR, TE)	S, signal
T1 T2	Inversion recovery (TR, TI, TE…)	Cab, absolute contrast, ∆S Cfr, fractional contrast, $\frac{\text{ΔS}}{\text{S}}$
D*, apparent diffusion coefficient	Pulsed gradient spin echo (TR, TE, b …)	σ = standard deviation of noise
χ, susceptibility	Spoiled gradient echo (TR, TE, α)	SNR, signal-to-noise ratio
δ, chemical shift		CNR, contrast-to-noise ratio $\text{CNR=}\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{ab}}}{\text{σ}}\text{,}\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{fr}}}{\text{σ}}$
T2/T1	Balanced steady state free precession (TR, TE, α….)
Ultrashort T2	Ultrashort TE (TR, TE, α)	θ, phase
Flow	PGSE (TR, TE, δ, Δ)	Phase to noise ratio ($\text{PNR=}\frac{\text{θ}}{\text{σ}}$)
Gadolinium concentration, c	Other	phase contrast ∆θ
		phase contrast to noise ratio $\text{(PCNR)=}\frac{\Delta \text{θ}}{\text{σ}}$

The tissue and fluid properties (left column) are linked to image signal or phase and contrast (right column) by pulse sequence TP-filters derived from pulse sequence equations (middle column).